2017-2018 PHYSICS
TUESDAY MAY 1
- Thermodynamics: crash course physics #23
- isovolumetric (volume held constant, while heat is added (pressure & temp increased) or removed (pressure & temp decreased)
- isobaric process (pressure held constant while heat is added (volume & temp increase) or removed (pressure & temp decreased) - the piston is a good example of this. It can do work
- isothermal (temperature is held constant while heat added very slowly) = volume expands or compresses
- adiabatic processes (no heat allowed in or out) it can do work. Amount of work = - change of internal energy of gas
- If entropy decreases in a system then overall in the universe it has increased to compensate
- THERMODYNAMICS: CRASH COURSE PHYSICS #20
- Hotter object always transfers heat to colder one.
- Thermal energy causes linear expansion and/or increase of volume
- Ideal gas law: PV = nRT where R = .813
- KINETIC THEORY AND PHASE CHANGES: CRASH COURSE #21
- Q = energy transferred to or from a system as heati
MONDAY APRIL 30
- T(℃) + 273 = T(K)
- Heat is the energy that flows between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature.
- Q represents heat. (-) Q means heat left. (+) Q means heat absorbed
- Refrigeration: Mechanical energy is required to transfer heat from a cold object to a warmer one.
- Entropy, like thermal energy, is contained in an object.
- FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS:
- SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: natural processes whose spontaneous direction increases the total entropy of the universe. The lack of usable energy is really a surplus of entropy.
- The heat of fusion is the quantity of heat needed to change one kilogram of substance from its solid to liquid state at its melting point.
- A heat engine continously converts thermal energy to mechanical energy
WEDNESDAY APRIL 2018
MELT, FREEZE EVAPORATION/CONDENSATION SUBLIMATION/DEPOSITION
HEAT OF FUSION Heat of Vaporarization
GAS ✒︎ CONDENSATION ✒︎ (-) Heat of Vaporization ✒︎ LIQUID ✒︎ FREEZE ✒︎ (-) Heat of fusion ✒︎ Solid (ICE)_
HEAT OF FUSION Heat of Vaporarization
GAS ✒︎ CONDENSATION ✒︎ (-) Heat of Vaporization ✒︎ LIQUID ✒︎ FREEZE ✒︎ (-) Heat of fusion ✒︎ Solid (ICE)_
TUESDAY APRIL 24
- Thermal Physics Linear Expansion of Materials: NGSS INFO ON THERMAL PHYSICS BELOW
- Discplinary Core Idea: Structure and Properties of Matter (HS-PS1.A.3)
- Science and Engineering Practices: Analyzing and Interpreting Data; Engaging in Argument from Evidence; Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
- Cross-Cutting Concepts: Stability and Change; Energy and Matte
- Heating Curve
- Discplinary Core Idea: Definitions of Energy (HS-PS3.A.3)
- Science and Engineering Practices: Analyzing and Interpreting Data; Developing and Using Models
- Cross-Cutting Concepts: Energy and Matter
IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT: GRAPH/EXPLANATION OF THE HEATING CURVE WITH TWELVE QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED AND TURNED IN BEFORE END OF CLASS.
- THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS, ENTROPY, AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed
- Thermodynamics 2nd law is about entropy (disorder) which always increases- this is the spontaneous direction
- ENTropy (disorder) is measured in joules per kelvin
- HEWITT-DREW-IT PHYSICS 71- HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
- Energy is measured in joules while temperature is measured in degrees.
- Direction of heat transfer is from warm to cool
- HEAT = ENERGY IS TRANSIT
- WORK IS ALSO ENERGY IN TRANSIT
- HEWITT DREW IT PHYSICS 75: HEAT TRANSFER
- 3 types of heat transfer: conduction (via electrons), convection (via currents in fluid), and radioactivity
- CONDUCTION:
- Metals are conductors
- Air, glass, and wood are insulators
- CONVECTION (Heat radiates upward)
- HEWITT DREW IT PHYSICS 77: EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION- 7:26
- Evaporation is a cooling process and average kinetic energy decreases
- Condensation is reverse of evaporation. Water vapor particles hit the water and warms it.
- Steamer is more dangerous than by boiling water.
- slower moving molecules are more likely to coalesce and condense
- cooler air can hold more water than hotter. The dewpoint is the point
- condensation occurring close to the ground is called fog
- 1 calorie = 4.184 joules (convenient as this sets the specific heat of water to 1)
- other measurements of energy include Btu (British thermal unit)
- 3 types of heat transfer: conduction (via electrons), convection (via currents in fluid), and radioactivity
MONDAY APRIL 23
- THE PHYSICS OF HEAT: CRASH COURSE #22
- Specific heat
- IMPULSE * MOMENTUM REVIEW QUESTIONS
TUESDAY APRIL 17
- ROLLING ON TAPERED WHEELS- Using 2 paper cups on 2 meter sticks during a turn the outer cup (analagous to the wheel) will have to slide to a wider portion of the cup (going faster) until there is no more curve. This motion steers the cup always towards the middle of the tracks. Therefore the wheels of a trail can not be a pure cylindrical shape but must be tapered.
- 5 PLACES ON EARTH WHERE GRAVITY DOESN'T SEEM TO WORK
MONDAY APRIL 16
CENTER OF GRAVITY
- A monkey can reach proportionally much farther than you without toppling. Why is that?
- The CG in males is generally higher than in females. (Females smaller in upper body and larger in pelvic region)
- TRUE OR FALSE" Smaller objects will fill in open spaces between larger ones and produce a greater effective density.
- BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY S01E10 SIMPLE MACHINES
- jack is really an inclined plane
WEDNESDAY APRIL 11
- osmium is densest element
- specefic gravitt is ratio of the mass (or weight) of a substance to mass (or weight) of equal volume of water.
- IN LAND CREATURES: As the size of an object increases it gains weight more than it gains strength (concept of scaling); strength, volume, and mass
- IN SEA CREATURES: It is the opposite. The object grows stronger as it grows bigger
- THE PHYSICS BEHIND THE SIX SIMPLE MACHINES
- screw is inclined plane with a wedge attached at the end
- wedges split objects apart- forces are directed to the sides or used as a door stopper
- If the CG of an object
TUESDAY APRIL 10
- Wheel & axle- reduces friction & small distance of axle moves greater distance on wheel
- Wedge: an inclined plane with one or two sloping slide. Turns frontward force into a sidewise force
- WHEEL: a bunch of levers around a center
- Screw: inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Turns a smaller rotational force into a larger driving force.
- The farther apart the threads are in each screw the faster it takes but the harder it is
- CENTER OF GRAVITY AND TORQUE youtube video
- torque = F d(lever arm) with direction perpendicular to lever arm
MONDAY APRIL 9
- single pulley = change direction but not effort
- double pulley = half the effort
- three pulley = 1/3 the effort
- tweezers= 3rd class lever
- nutcracker = 2nd class lever
- bottle opener = 2nd class lever
- ramp = inclined plane
WEDNESDAY APRIL11
- PACKET ABOUT SIMPLE MACHINES HANDED OUT: THIS WILL BE GOOD REVIEW FOR TEST COMING UP FRIDAY. HOWEVER IF THEY WOULD RATHER WATCH SOMETHING HERE IS A DOCUMENTARY
- BBC SCIENCE DOCUMENTARY- QUANTUM PHYSICS- NEW TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENTARY 2014- 2 HOURS
TUESDAY APRIL 11
- The ratio of output force to input force of a machine is called the MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
- THE LEVER (3 TYPES)
- The fulcrum is between the load and the force (opposite direction)- SEESAW, scissors, CROWBAR, hammer
- The load is between the fulcrum and the force (same direction)- bottle opener, wheel barrel
- The force is between the fulcrum and the load (same direction)= tongs, biceps, forearm
- WHAT ARE THE TWO BASIC FAMILIES OF SIMPLE MACHINES?
- Fulcrum = pivot point; effort= force/input object= load/resistance/output
- THREE CLASSES OF LEVERS
- The mighty mathematics of the lever - andy peterson and zack patterson
- VSAUCE 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35
- Our senses are used in a logarithmic rather than additional. Proportions matter more than
- Plank length
WEDNESDAY MARCH 20
- A FORKLIFT IS REPLACED WITH A NEW ONE THAT HAS TWICE THE POWER. How much greater a load can it lift in the same amount of time? If it lifts the same load, how much faster can it operate?
- How much work is done on a 100-N boulder when you lift it 1m ? What power is this if you lift this same boulder a distance of 1m in a time of 1sec?
- Compared to traveling at 60 km/h, how much farther does it take to come to a stop than if you were travelling at 20 km/h?
- What do you need to perform work?
- The rate at which work is done is called what?
- Ultimately where does all energy come from?
- What is another unit that is used for energy but often seen during cooking in the kitchen?
MONDAY MARCH 19
- WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT QUANTUM COMPUTING AND THE BIRTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE- 21 MIN
- Uses niobium instead of silicon.
- A fast and clean combustion = fire
- Brainpop: Fire; the sun
MONDAY MARCH 16
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- THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM
WEDNESDAY MARCH 14
- Work, energy, conservation of energy.... via The Physics Classroom
- LABORATORY: THE PENDULUM, COMPARING ME, PE, AND KE AT 3 DIFFERENT SPOTS
- WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BE LIKE- IN REFERENCE TO VIDEO, YOUR THOUGHTS
MONDAY MARCH 12
- BRAinpop: Potential energy (PE = mgh)
- Other kinds of potential energy: Elastic (springs, bows, catapults), Chemical, Electrical (in a field), nuclear potential energy
- Brainpop: Kinetic energy KE=(1/2)mv²
- Brainpop: Forms of energy
- energy is something that does work
- besides joule, a calorie, or BTU (British thermal unit) is a unit for energy
- the amount of energy is measured in kilowatt hours
FRIDAY MARCH 10
MONDAY MARCH 5
- INELASTIC COLLISION CONSERVES MOMENTUM BUT NOT KINETIC ENERGY
- Impulse and momentum video
- Elastic and inelastic collisions video
- INELASTIC IS WHEN TWO OBJECTS STICK TOGETHER; ELASTIC IS WHEN THEY BOUNCE OFF
- CK12.ORG PLIX
- STUDY "PHYSICS ONLINE CLASSROOM" REVIEW (TRUE/FALSE) QUESTIONS TO PREPARE FOR TEST ON WEDNESDAY
- KAHOOT (MOMENTUM & IMPULSE) PRACTICE
- In an inelastic collision the two masses are stuck together afterwards so ... Ft = (m₁+m₂) V𝘧
- In a total elastic collision Ft = △mv = [(m₂v₂) - (m₁v₁)]
THURSDAY FEBRUARY 15 (observation)
- The amount of force needed to keep a 0.1kg basketball moving at a constant speed of 6 m/s on frictionless ice is _____ N.
- Two forces are applied to a 2.0kg ball on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram. (2kg ball with F1 2.0 N to left and F2 8.0 N to right) frictionless surface.
- F=ma f= 6 to the right, m=2kg
MONDAY FEBRUARY 12
- OBJECTIVES: MOMENTUM
- Define momentum
- Define impulse and its relation to momentum
- Explain why an impulse is greater when an object bounces rather than just coming to a sudden stop
- State the law of Conservation of momentum
- Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions
- p= momentum = inertia in motion = mv
- Will a large truck always have more momentum than a roller skate?
- When a dish falls, will the impulse be less if it lands on a carpet than if it lands on a hard floor?
- If a boxer is able to make the impact time 5x longer by riding with the punch, how much will the force of impact be reduced.
- Egg drop, cart and the brick, fish catch, exploding carts, etc..
- impulse video
- astronaut catch
- Try review questions
- momentum plix
- The greater the force acting upon an object, the greater its change in velocity, and hence, momentum. How long the force acts upon the object is also important
- Force x time = impulse = Ft
- impulse = change in momentum = Ft = △(mv) ... This is the impulse-momentum relationship
- (impact is different than impulse. impact is average force and is measured in Newtons)
- Which is worse?
- driving into a haystack or into a concrete wall
MONDAY FEBRUARY 5
- given (1 inch= 2.54 cm)
- go through packet and review problems for rest of the week- test next monday
THURSDAY FEBRUARY 1
- THE ZOOKEEPER AND THE MONKEY PROBLEM
- 2 dimensional question using both x and y coordinates: If a person kicked a soccer ball straight off the end of a cliff so that it was travelling 10m/s and the cliff was 100m high, how far to the right at the base of the cliff did the soccer ball land? Use the 3 kinematic equations
- LAB: Find out how high the balcony railing is from the ground if given meter stick, string, ball, quarter, stopwatch
- GIVEN: 124 INCHES; 50, 43 AND 44 BALL .29, .37, .40 FOR QUARTER; MASS (Q)= 5.6grams AND (B) 29.7grams
- What is the weight of the ball (in Newtons)?
- What is the weight of the quarter?
- 3 test times for both ball and quarter? Find the average time for each?
- Now with the 3 kinematic equations find the distance of the railing from the ground?
- What was the measured length using a string and meter stick?
- Which (ball or quarter) got you closer to the measured height?
- Why the difference in actual measurement compared with calculated measurement? What are some possible errors that could account for the errors?
- THE ELEVATOR RIDE
- When going up the Normal force at the very beginning goes up while the Force of gravity remains the same and the person feels heavy. As it nears the top the normal force goes down lower than the force of gravity and the person feels light.
TUESDAY JANUARY 30
- Went through the tutorial section (Newton's Law)
- Handed out 25 page packet with problems.
MONDAY JANUARY 29
- ONLINE PHYSICS CLASSROOM (TUTORIAL)
- NEWTON'S 2ND LAW
- WHAT ARE FORCES
- HANDED OUT PACKED DUE THE DAY OF THE TEST NEXT FRIDAY 9
FRIDAY JANUARY 26
- QUESTIONS
- If the odometer reads zero at the beginning of a trip and 10 mph a half hour later, what is the average speed in mph? 20mph
- Would it be possible to attain this average speed (20 mph) and never exceed a reading of 20 mph? no
- What is the acceleration of a car that goes from o to 100 mph in 10 s? 10 miles per hour squared
- In 5 seconds a car moving in a straight line increases its speed from 50 to 65 mph while a truck goes from zero to 15. Which undergoes a greater acceleration? same
- What is the acceleration of a car that travels in a straight line at a constant speed of 100 km/h? zero acceleration
- True or false: If no force acts on a moving object, it will eventually stop. (in real life yes, in vacuum no)
- Which one is not a force? tension, friction, push or pull, acceleration acceleration
THURSDAY JANUARY 25
MONDAY JANUARY 22
- Kinematic video motion equations
- V= V₀ + at
- d= v₀t + (1/2 )at²
- v²= v₀² + 2ad
- d= [(v₀+v𝘧 ) /2] t
FRIDAY JANUARY 19
THURSDAY JANUARY 18
SPRING SEMESTER 2018
MONDAY JANUARY 8
- We will be going by the PHysics Online manualffdsfd
- know scientific notation and significant figures
- know units of time, distance, mass, volume, and temperature
- know prefixes of conversion such as femto, pico, nano, micro, milli, centi e.g. milli = .001 = 10^⁻³
- know prefixes of conversion such as kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta e.g. kilo = 1000 = 10^³
Monday December 18
- concave can make a real or virtual image and larger
- refraction / reflection
MONDAY DECEMBER 11
- BRAINGENIE CK12: ELECTROMAGNETISM
FRIDAY DECEMBER 8
- Are all the electrons flowing in a circuit provided by the battery?
- What is the function of having a fuse?
- If one of three lamps blows out when connected in series, what happens to the current in the other two? In parallel?
- In which case will there e more current in each of three lamps - if they are connected to the same battery in series or in parallel?
- What happens to the total circuit resistan e when more devices are aded to a series circuit? to a parallel circuit?
- Why will too many electric devices operating at one time often blow a fuse or trip a circuit breaker?
- As more and more lamps are connected in series to a flashlight battery what happens to the brightness of each lamp?
- Which type of circuit will run the battery down faster, serial or parallel?
- What kind of field is produced because of the motion of electric charge?
THURSDAY DECEMBER 7
TUESDAY DECEMBER 5
- STATIC ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS
- What are the 3 ways of charging an object?
- Charging by friction occurs between two non-conductive materials when _____ are transferred by rubbing.
- Charging by _____ occurs in the presence of a charge without physical contact.
- Charge polarization occurs in (insulators/conductors/semi-conductors) that are in the presence of a charged object.
- Gravity depends on mass. What do electrical forces depend upon?
- What particle has a positive charge? A negative?
- Is an electron in a hydrogen atom the same as an electron in a uranium atom?
- If electrons are rubbed from cat's fur onto a rubber rod, does the rod become positive or negatively charged?
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- BRAINPOP: STATIC ELECTRICITY
- Single sudden transfer of electrons from one place to another as a result of a buildup of electrons.
- Capacitors store charge
- Wint O Green life savers - chew on those and you will see light if eaten in dark room
- capacitors store charge
- triboelectric series- from most easy to remove electron to most hard to remove (dry skin - silicone rubber)
- triboluminescence- when crystals are broken up and the release of electrons cause light production most of which is ultraviolet light. wintergreen comes in—wintergreen oil (extracted from certain evergreen plants) absorbs the ultraviolet light and throws off the added energy with a visible, blue-green light.
- In order for an animal or person to get electrocuted, they have to be touching the ground, or touching something (like a conductor or a weak insulator) that’s touching the ground. A bird perching on a power line fulfills neither of these requirements. In other words, it’s not grounded.
- More brainpops: electricity, thunderstorms, electromagnet induction, current electricity, energy sources,
MONDAY DECEMBER 4
- Force fields- 26:41
- 4 fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force
- strong force holds nucleus of atoms together
- plasma is the most available form of gas in the universe (electrons are free)
- Electric shielding: best place is inside a hollow conducting sphere (usually copper). This is called a Faraday cage. It doesn't have to be grounded.
- Static charge occupies only the outer surface of a conductor; inside the conductor the electric field is zero.
- A charged object has electrical potential energy by virtue of its location in an electric field.
- Introduction to electrostatics- faraday cages 10 min
- Can gravity be shielded?d
- 4 fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force
FRIDAY DECEMBER 1
- The SI unit of charge is the _____
- _____ are good conductors
- Poor conductors are often good _____
- Materials that can be made to behave sometimes as insulators and sometimes as conductors are _____
- Thin layers of semiconductor material sandwiched together make up _____
coulomb
metals
Insulators
semi conductors
transistors
metals
Insulators
semi conductors
transistors
THURSDAY NOVEMBER 30
- near sightedness need diverging lenses
- STATIC ELECTRICITY
- Two types of forces: attraction between opposite charges and repulsion between same charges
- (+) and (-) attract
- (-) and (-) repel
- (+) and (+) repel
- (+ or -) and (neutral) attract by induction
- Induction prevents transfer/flow
- Conduction allows transfer/flow (metals are good conductors for electricity and heat)
- Charging can be done by friction and contact and induction
- NAME THAT CHARGE (7 problems of which 1 will be on the final exam)
- Aluminum can polarization; charging; and "name that charge"
TUESDAY NOVEMBER 28
MONDAY NOVEMBER 27
- the speed of light depends upon frequency.
- refraction is caused by the different speeds of the wave in two media.
- A plane mirror forms a virtual image the same size as the object.
- A refraction tends to make objects submerged in water appear shallower.
NO SCHOOL MONDAY NOVEMBER 20 - FRIDAY NOVEMBER 24
THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 17
- Mirages are the result of light refractions in the atmosphere. This is why many observatories are at higher altitudes, to limit the effects of atmospheric refraction
- Dispersion is the separation of light into its different colors.
- All rainbows would be completely round if the ground were not in the way. Seen high enough from an airplane, a complete circle can be seen.
- There is a critical angle of which the emerging beam of light does not reflect from the surface but rather just skims the surface boundary between the two mediums. Past this angle there is total internal reflection.
- Silvered or aluminized mirrors reflect only 90 to 95%
- The critical angle for water is 43%. For diamond it is 24.6%. Because of its low critical angle and , hence, its slow speed, a wide dispersion and a wide array of colors is seen. Also seen from a diamond are its unexpected flashes. It is caused when the flash encounters only one eye instead of two. But ultimately the brilliant sparkle of a diamond is caused by its high index of refraction.l
- Optical fibers (aka "light pipes") give light via a series of total internal reflections. They are useful for getting light to inaccessible places such as the interiors of engines and inside a patient's body. They are also able to carry thousands of simultaneous telephone messages between major switching centers. More information can be carries in the high frequencies of visible light rather than the low frequencies of electric current. They are replacing more and more electric circuits and microwave links in communications technology.
THURSDAY NOVEMBER 16
- Light can get trapped even in transparent things like glass.
- The higher the index of refraction the slower the light travels in that medium
- Diamond cut simulation. When the cuts are made to where the light reflects back out at the same angle this is the best sparkle.
- Light bending and least time simulation. Light chooses the path of least time.
- How do contact lenses correct your vision?
- Correcting for Nearsightedness. The cure for the nearsighted eye is to equip it with a diverging lens. Since the nature of the problem of nearsightedness is that the light is focused in front of the retina, a diverging lens will serve to diverge light before it reaches the eye.
- OD - This is shorthand for oculus dextraous which means Right Eye.
OS - This is shorthand for oculus sinister which really means Left Eye.
OU - This is shorthand for oculus uterque which really means Both Eyes. If you see this, you'll want to enter the prescription the same on both eyes. - Single Vision prescriptions are for patients who have trouble seeing either near or far (but not both). An example of a Single Vision prescription can be seen below.
- Bifocal prescriptions are for patients who have trouble seeing both near and far
- Real images can only be seen in concave mirrors
- Online eye test: Blind spot
- Is your red the same as my red?
- How good are your eyes?
5:13This trick will change your eye color.. (ACTUALLY WORKS)Trend Central
9.1M views10:29This video will make you forget your name..
6:3112 ILLUSIONS THAT WILL TRICK YOUR EYESThe CoolStuff
1.5M views5:43WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE? - 98% FAILThe CoolStuff
10M views- 12 Illusions to test your brain
- Best optical illusions to test your brain
- Impossible hidden objects to test your brain
TUESDAY NOVEMBER 14
- Light of higher frequencies travel more slowly than that of the lower ones. Violet light travels 1% slower in ordinary glass than red light. The colors between red and violet travel at their own intermediate speed. This is because the light of frequencies closer to the natural frequency of the electron oscillators in a medium have more interactions in the processes of absorption and remission and therefore travels more slowly
- Rainbows cannot be seen when the sun is more than 42 degrees above the horizon. This is why rainbows can normally be seen early and late in the day.
- The separation of light into colors arranged according to their frequency is called dispersion.
MONDAY NOVEMBER 13
- When light rays enter a medium in which their speed decreases, as when passing from air into water, the rays bend toward the normal. But when light rays enter a medium in which their speed increases, as when passing from water into air, the rays bend away from the normal.
- From faster to slower: things appear nearer
- n= index of refraction = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in material
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 10
VETERANS DAY NO SCHOOL
- Bode's law- 3 min
WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 8
- Light 03- Spherical mirrors- 32:56
- QUESTIONS
- A concave mirror is also called a _____ mirror.
- The _____ is located halfway between the mirror and the curvature of radius.
converging
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TUESDAY NOVEMBER 7
- How scientists stopped light- 2:46
- using crystals and lasers
- Visualizing video at the speed of light- one trillion frames per second- 2:46
- LOST= Location, orientation (upright or inverted), S (magnified or reduced), T (real or virtual)
- Looking into concave spherical mirror these are the following terminology to learn:
- C= Center of curvature
- F = focal point or halfway to C
MONDAY NOVEMBER 6
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 3
- RETRO REFLECTIVE PROJECTION ABILITY- 2:08
- .Cloaking a moving object
- wormhole created in lab
- Turning gravity into light- 8 minutes
- Brainpop: Rainbows
- Brainpop: Light
- Brainpop: telescopes
- Microscopy: Light and color molecular expressions
- PHYSICS PLIX CK12.ORG- Light in a Prism;
- Infared; more than your eyes can see- 6:45, Tour of EmS05- Visible light- 5 min
- ULTRAVIOLET light is divided into 3: UVA is longwave UV; UVB causes sunburns but 95.5% prevented by ozone layer; UVC is the most energetic and are gamma waves.
- CK12.ORG PLIX: OPTICS:
- Reflection
Refraction
Total Internal Reflection
Mirrors
Plane Mirrors
Concave Mirrors
Convex Mirrors
Lenses
Double Convex Lenses
Double Concave Lenses
Vision and the Eye
Vision Problems and Corrective Lenses
Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Double Slit Diffraction
Diffraction Gratings
Optical Instruments
WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 1
- CK12.org
- Plix: why are some mirrors curved, what happens if you face two flat mirrors towards each other, how do we see light rays, how does a mirror work
- The size of the mirror needed to see your full height is independent of your distance from it
- A surface is considered polished if less than 1/8 the wavelength of the light that falls on it. So whether a surface is a diffuse reflector or a polished reflector depends upon the length of the waves it reflects.
TUESDAY OCTOBER 31
- One way mirrors explained in ten seconds
- Minute Physics: the limb of the sun- 2:16
- Minute Physics: This is not a rainblow #71
- Brainpop: Refraction and diffraction
- If you look at your blue shirt in a mirror and its virtual image is also blue this tells you the _____ of light is not changed by reflection
- We see most of the things around us by _____ reflection.
- Sound can be heard over considerably longer distances when it is (day/night) when air is cooler over the surface.
reflection
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diffuse
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night
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MONDAY OCTOBER 30
- Physics Online Classroom Tutorial
- Reflection and the ray model of light
- Lesson one: Reflection and its importance
- Reflection and the ray model of light
- Physics: Light and reflection
- Crash course physics #38: Geometric shapes
- Light is waves 39
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 25
- Difference between fluorescent and incandescent lights- 2 min
- Light bulbs LED vs incandescent - 11 min
- incandescent uses tungsten as a resistor (takes a lot of energy to heat to over 1000 degrees), It is illegal to sell incandescent bulbs in Denmark.
- CRI (Color rating index) measurement of true light colors. CRI is higher in incandescentsSD
- CFL vs LED bulbs- 7 min
- Polarization of light- 3 min
- Polarization of light- 3 min a different one
- occurs on a small scale. A thin layer of soap between two layers of air is an example.
- thin film interference- 7 min
- PHYSICS INTERACTIVES FOR LIGHT AND COLOR (ONLINE CLASSROOM)
- REASONING CENTER (PHYSICS ONLINE CLASSROOM)
- CELL phone radiation; Light brightness; Shedding light on light bulbs;
TUESDAY OCTOBER 24
- The speed of light: A digital story- 4:21
- Properties of light: Brightness, luminosity and flux- 10:31
- the speed of light is really the speed of causality
- Galileo- speed and relativity
- James clerk maxwell- gave all the electromagnetic equations electromagnetic force is the same regardless of reference ranges. This is the Lorentz transformation which predicts the cosmic speed limit. But with no mass there is no limit to velocity and c would equal infinity. All locations communicate with each other instantly.
- velocities add together and space and time do not depend on velocity
- Ice melting block- 1 min (aluminum is painted black for the trick) Aluminum and other metals are good conductors of heat whereas plastics are very bad conductors of heat.
- 1 Lumen = light produced from one candle one foot away.
- The more lumens means the bulb is brighter
- LED lamps use the same amount of light with 85% more efficiency. So a 10.5 W LED bult
MONDAY OCTOBER 22
- THE PHOTO GALLERY (ONLINE CLASSROOM)
FRIDAY OCTOBER 20
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 18
- PHYSICS ONLINE LABORATORY:
- Includes Ripple Tank lab; Two point source analysis lab; Young's experiment lab; Getting it right with light lab; Diluted by distance lab; Color addition lab; Taking away from RGB lab; Painting with CMY lab; Filtering away labs
- 25 science facts that will both terrify and amaze you- 14:50
- Magnetars
- every year our moon gets 4 cm away from the earth. days will get longer and tides will be locked into space
- Photos that will change the ways that you see the world- 10:30
- Can you go the speed of light- 4 minu
- as you get towards the speed of life your length decreases
- Misconceptions about the universe
- As you get farther away from the center the speed is going faster and faster and you can see the 'Hubble sphere' but you still can see things outside the sphere (which you aren't supposed to since these are going faster than light)
- Visualizing video at the speed of light- 2:46
- Michio Kaku- what if Einstein were wrong- 5 min
- 3 things faster than light- 3:42
- Was einstein wrong about the speed of light- 3:30
- The speed of light has been broken. E=mc² is wrong- 4:14
- QUESTIONS
- Light and sound have the same _____ nature but have different _____
- Is light fundamentally different than radio and microwaves?
- You (can/cannot) get sunburned through an ordinary window.
- Is the color of light lighter or darker or neither when something is wet?
- Glass blocks both ____ and ____ but is transparent to all the frequencies of visible light
- Light can behave in one of 3 ways when it is incident upon an object . It can reflect (bounce off). It can be _____ through the material or it can be _____ by the material. Usually it is a combination of all 3.
- Clouds are semi transparent to it. Sand and water reflect it.
- Will glass be transparent to frequencies of light that match its own natural frequencies?
- Opposite of transmit. Opposite of transparent.
wave; frequencies
infrared/ ultraviolet absorb/ opaque |
no
transmitted/ absorbed |
cannot
UV radiation |
darker, more absorption
no |
TUESDAY OCTOBER 17
- SUBSTITUTE- Work on section review questions
MONDAY OCTOBER 16
- Light travels 1 foot in 1 nanosecond (1 x 10⁻⁹)
FRIDAY OCTOBER 13
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 11
TUESDAY OCTOBER 10
- What is a phosphor?
- Photo101: Polarizing filters, why they're so neat... and how to use them- 2:51
- Polarization of light wave
- when regular unpolarized light is run through a polarizer such as a crystal the emergent is lighter (linear polarized light)
- Polarisation of light- 3:47
MONDAY OCTOBER 9
- Going over color addition and subtraction
- The secondary colors of light are magenta, cyan and yellow but are more often heard of as red, blue and yellow (primary colors in art class)
- The primary pigment colors (magenta, cyan and yellow) are the secondary light colors. The secondary pigment colors are red, green, and blue.
- Complementary pigments will combine to produce black. Yellow & blue, magenta & green, cyan & red
- rods are sensitive to faint light (95% OF vision cells)
- cones come in 3 type, red, green and blue
- 8% of men are colorblind becauase one of the 3 types of cones is missing.
FRIDAY OCTOBER 6
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 4
- Colors
- Low frequencies of light appear _____
- Middle frequencies of light appear _____
- High frequencies of light appear _____
- Sunlight is the brightest in the middle of the visible range which is _____-_____
- Where red and green light of equal brightness overlap this color is seen?
- Where red and blue light of equal brightness overlap this color is seen?
- Where green and blue lights of equal brightness overlap this color is seen?
- The three colors above (answers to #5, #6, and #7) are called _____ colors. They add up with their respective primary color to produce white light.
- The three colors that can add up to produce any color are called the _____ primary colors.
- Every hue has some _____ color that when added will produce white.
- Magenta must be added to these two additive primary colors to produce white?
- Cyan must be added to these two additive primary colors to produce white?
TUESDAY OCTOBER 3
MONDAY OCTOBER 2
- Crash course physics #39 "Light is waves"- 9:44
- Intensity is the brightness and is measured by amplitude
- Light is brightest in middle of two slits and gets lower as you move outwards
- Huygen's principle
- diffraction \
- 5 insane facts about light- 5:28
- The impossible colors and how to see them- 2;25 Is your red the same as my red- 9:38
- Brainpop: Light
- The magnetosphere has an aurora that produces light that is generated more than 80km up in the sky. It has a large number of electrons and some are ions. When photons from sun crash into the electrons they gain extra energy and the electrons enter an "excited" state. Returning to their normal state they release it in the form of visible light. They occur in the north because the photons are attracted to the earth's magnetic North pole.
- A standard lightbulb only converts 10 percent of its energy into visible light. The process for a firefly producing light is 90% of its energy
- Lesson 1 - How Do We Know Light is a Wave?
- Wavelike Behaviors of Light
- Two Point Source Interference
- Thin Film Interference
- Polarization
FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 29
WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 27
- sck12.org Assessments (Sound practice questions for test on Friday)
- Sound waves
- Speed of sound
- Sound in a tube
- Frequency and pitch of sound
- Intensity and loudness of sound
- The coolest things sounds do- 3 min
- 1st harmonic = fundamental frequency (standing wave occurs)
- FILL IN PRACTICE
- The high pressure regions in a sound wave are known as ______ while the low pressure regions are called the _____.
- In mediums which are _____ (gases and liquid), sound waves are only longitudinal.
- In solids, sound waves can be _____ as well as longitudinal.
compressions
archaea/bacteria sexuallu; diploid |
rarefactions
Kingdom; protista |
fluid
heterotrophs;collagen |
transverse
chordata; vertebrata |
TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 26
- Practice questions from text,
MONDAY SEPTEMBER 25
- Practice section 14.2
- HOMEWORK
FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 22
- The Physics of music: crash course physics #19
- Standing waves are used. Only amplitude changes. The peaks are the antinodes and the non-moving points are the nodes when you are talking about pressure. Opposite for displacement between sounds.
- 1st harmonice = fundamental wave
- overtones + fundamental = harmonics
- L = 1/2 f = v/2L f₂= 2 (v/2L)
- The number of nodes on string = number of harmonics on the string
THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 21
- In a closed pipe resonates when its length is an odd number of quarter wavelengths because λ ₁=4L and f₁ = v/4L
- and in closed pipes only the odd λ. are heard so there is only f₁= v/4L and f₃ = 3(v/4l), f₅ = 5(v/4L), etc...
- The open pipes length = λ₁= 2L so f₁=v/2L and f₂= 2f₁ and f₃=3f₁, etc
- If open and closed pipes the same lengths are used the wavelength for open pipe is half as long so the frequency for the open pipe will be twice as high.
- Frequency and sound explained #4: harmonics and harmonics distortion
- doubling in frequency relates to an octave
- harmonics are the fundamental frequency multiplied by 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and so on. The higher the fundamental frequency the more harmonics you will be able to achieve.
- doubling in frequency relates to an octave
- An unpleasant set of pitches is called _____ while pleasant ones are called ______
dissonance
|
TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 19
- Standing waves in closed tubes- KAHN ACademy- 9minBRAINPOP: STRINGS
- thickness, length, tension, and how a string is played all makes a difference on how it sounds
- resonator: hollow structure usually made of wood or metal. Amplifies sound and makes it fuller.
- amplifier: electric
- lower pitch are long and thick, opposite for high pitch
- resin produces friction on the strings
MONDAY SEPTEMBER 18
- Is it possible to create a perfect vacuum?
- Questions Chapter 15.2
- Trumpets, trombones and tubas are examples of _____ instruments where lips cause vibrations
- Clarinet, saxophones and oboes are _____ instruments that vibrates a reed when air is blown across it.
- In flutes, recorders, organ pipes, and whistles, air is forced across an _____ in a pipe
- _____ increases the amplitude of a vibration by repeatedly applying a small external force at the same natural frequency.
- The _____ of the air column determines the frequencies of the vibrating air that will be set into resonance.
- The mouthpiece simply creates a mixture of different _____
- A resonating tube with one end closed is called a(n) (open/closed)-pipe resonator.
- A _____ wave occurs when resonance is reached. In a pressure graph the (nodes/antinodes) are where the pressure is at its maximum or minimum value.
- In displacement graphs the antinodes are regions of (high/low) displacement.
- Two antinodes or two nodes are separated by (¹/₄, ¹/₂, 1) wavelength.
brass
length |
reed
frequencies |
opening
standing/ antinodes |
Resonance
¹/₂ |
FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 15
- 4 audio illusions (tritone paradox)
- Infrasonic sound that resonate with body organs
- you don't hear it but you feel it
- 19 Hz resonates with the human eye
- Try to find speakers where wires are places on the terminals and reverse them to make one 180 degrees out of phase.
WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 13
- QUESTIONS
- A standing wave is a result of what? What is the node ? What is the antinode?
- If a water wave vibrates up and down 2 times each second and the distance between wave crests is 1.5m, what us the frequency of the wave? What is its wavelength? What is its speed?
- Is interference a property of only some types of waves or of all types?
- If you encounter a sonic boom, is that evidence that an aircraft of some sort exceeded the speed of sound moments ago to become supersonic? Defend your answer.
- A nurse counts 76 heartbeats in one minute. What are the period and frequency of the heart's oscillations?
- How far away is a storm if you note a 3 second delay between a lightning flash and the sound of thunder?
- When the phenomenon known as _____ occurs, a dramatic increase in amplitude occurs when the frequency of a forced vibration on an object matches the object's natural frequency.
- What is the beat frequency when a 262 Hz and a 266 Hz tuning fork are surrounded together? A 262 Hz and 272 Hz
TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 12
- NeoK12- All the quizzes for waves and sound
- The energy transferred from a vibrating source to a receiver is carried by a disturbance in a medium, not by matter moving from one place to another within the medium
- The frequency of a vibrating source is the same as the frequency of the wave it produces
- It is not necessary that the moving source emit sound for it to produce a shock wave. once an object is moving fater than the spee of sound, it will make sound.
- Frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic and frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasonic
- In general, sound is transmitted faster in liquids than in gases, and still faster in solids.
- Why would sound move faster in warm air? Faster moving balls take less time to bump into one another
- Water vapor in the air increases speed of sound and so does increased temperature
- The speed of sound in a material depends not on the material's density , but on its elasticity. Elasticity is not "stretchability". It is the tendency of a material to resume its initial shape after having been exposed to distorting force. (Some very stiff materials are elastic!)
- A technique for harmlessly seeing inside a body uses high frequency sound (ultrasound) instead of x-rays.
- So the speed of sound depends upon its medium, its temperature, and its elasticity
- Sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air because H₂O molecules move faster than N₂ or O₂ molecule (found in air) and because it has less mass than them and those gases with less mass travel faster.
- Light travels almost 1 million times faster through air than sound does.
- An elastic material will vibrate at its own special set of frequencies which gives it a special sound. It does this when it is disturbed by something. This set of frequencies is called its natural frequency.
MONDAY SEPTEMBER 11
- Reverberation vs Echo: Any reflection of sound off of something less than 17 meters away can interfere with the oncoming sound still coming from the person hollering and this is a reverberation.
- Khan Academy: Wave interference & Diffraction
- waves that are in-phase are constructive interference
- 180 degrees or PI out-of-phase are destructive interference (this is how noise cancelling headphone work)
- To create speakers PI-out-of-phase in speakers just swap one speaker's negative end with its positive end.
- Wave Diffraction- Bozeman Science:
- Bending of waves as they contact an obstacle
- The smaller the obstacle is (until the length of the object) the more it diffracts.
- INTERFERENCE & DIFFRACTION
- With two slits there will be an interference pattern (dark spot (destructive) and light spot (constructive)
FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 8
- READ ; TRY QUESTIONS
WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 6
- REVIEWED THE LABS AND THE CONCEPTS GAINED FROM THEM
TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 5
- Crash course physics #17: Travelling waves- 7:44
- Professor Dave: Interference, reflection, and diffraction- 6:17
- Bozeman science: Wave interference- 6:23
- Remaining time read text 14.2 and answering section review questions afterwards
- However, if the class should wish to continue with the videos you can play what I was going to play later in the week and is as follows:
FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 1
- You have found out that only length effects the period of a pendulum but now you must consider gravity for if there was no gravity there would be no pendulum. A
- So if you go from the earth to the moon where gravity is (1/6)g then the period is going to be 6 times longer than the period here on earth
WEDNESDAY AUGUST 30
- TICK TOCK LAB: To construct a pendulum with a period of one second
- You are going to have to find out whether the amplitude, the length of the pendulum or the mass of the pendulum effects the period of the pendulum and, if so, in way. Foor procedure for #65 in physics lab workbook and answer the 8 questions.
TUESDAY AUGUST 29
- The frequency of a vibrating source is the same as the frequency of the wave it produces
- More than one vibration or wave can exist at the same tie in the same space. They form an interference patter either constructive (results in increased amplitude) or destructive (decreased amplitude). This is characteristic of all kinds of waves.
- By adjusting the frequency of the source you can find resonance between two or more tones.
- The incident and the reflective rays e.can together form a standing wave. The stationary parts of the wave are called the nodes and the portions with the largest amplitudes are called the antinodes. Nodes and antinodes alternate with each other.
- Doppler effect is the apparent change in frequency due to the motion of the source or the receiver or both.
- A sonic boom is NOT a momentary burst of high pressure produced when something exceeds the speed of sound.
MONDAY AUGUST 28
- TEST #1 CHAPTER 14.1
FRIDAY AUGUST 25, 2017
- SEISMIC WAVES- 10min
- p and s waves are body waves
- raleigh and love waves are surface waves
- It is the love waves that cause the most damage in an earthquake
THURSDAY AUGUST 24, 2017
- 2nd day lab- due at end of period
WEDNESDAY AUGUST 23, 2017
- LABORATORY 1: P waves and S waves. Determining the location of an earthquake's epicenter by triangulation.
- Epicenter triangulation
- p and s waves explained (those are called body waves because they can travel through the earth)
- P (Primary) waves are longitudinal and arrive faster. They are pressure waves.
- S (Secondary, seismic or shear) waves are transverse and arrive slower
- Surface waves (Raleigh and love waves) arrive after the body waves and cause the most amount of damage....
- Love is the most destructive.... it causes more buildings to fall than any other wave.
- The surface waves do not travel through the earth but rather only through the surface
TUESDAY AUGUST 22, 2017
- Physics Online Classroom Tutorial (Review questions 1-23)
MONDAY AUGUST 21, 2017
- More review questions for section 14.1
- #32, 33, 34,35, 40
- Went over the unit prefixes from femto (10⁻¹⁵) to tera (10¹²)
FRIDAY AUGUST 18, 2017
- Went over more 14.1 review questions
THURSDAY AUGUST 17, 2017
- Went over some 14.1 review questions
- There are about 3.3 feet in one meter (you may use this as a conversion factor but with 2 significant figures instead of infinite).
WEDNESDAY AUGUST 16, 2017
- Continue 14.1 Practice problems (odd) and Section review 1-5
TUESDAY AUGUST 15, 2017
- READ SECTION 14.1 and answer Section review problems 1-5
- Practice problems I will do on the board (1-7)
- Brainpop: Waves
- Mechanical and electromagnetic waves (the first needs a medium the 2nd doesn't)
- Brainpop: Sound (longitudinal waves) humans can hear from 20 to 20,000 Hz
- causes compressions and rarefactions
- 344 m/s sound in air
- cold air slows down speed
- slowest in air, faster in water, fastest in metal (denser the better)
MONDAY AUGUST 14, 2017
- Hand out texts
- CHAPTER 14 "WAVES AND ENERGY TRANSFER"
- Elements: Waves, sound, and electromagnetism
- know: frequency , amplitude, wavelength, period, hertz
- speed of sound is dependent on the medium it travels through (MECHANICAL WAVES)
- 343 m/s at freezing 332 m/s but faster in liquids and solids (3,350 m/s)- the more elastic the medium the faster the sound waves will travel.
- seismic waves can travel up to 7 times faster than the speed of sound in air
- (ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES) need no medium- includes light. Electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other.
- v = λ f where v=velocity, λ = wavelength, and f=frequency
- P= 1/f and f=1/P where P= Period
- Mechanical waves require a medium (everything except for electromagnetic)
- Sound waves are longitudinal meaning the atoms in the medium vibrate in the same direction (parallel to) as the wave- dominoes example
- Transverse waves are when the atoms in the medium vibrate perpendicular to the wave as in a football stadium human wave where each human stands up and then sits back down
- Surface waves appear only at the surface and a a combination of both transverse and longitudinal resulting in a clockwise vibration.
- The sources of water waves are generally storms which arise due to solar radiation via electromagnetic waves.