EARTH SCIENCE
CHAPTER TESTS
STANDARDIZED CHAPTER TESTS
SECTION QUIZZES
WEB LINKS
WEBQUEST PROJECTS
Sci Show: what are muscle knots, what happens when you hold your pee,, what does anesthesia do to your brain, 5 things your nails can say about your health, 6 common misconceptions about cancer, the nearsighted epidemic, immortal hydras, strontium knows where you’ve been, how health affects sperm, how to forget things on purpose, what does your uvula do? why do animals lick wounds? how plants attract bodyguards, can you really train your brain?, how words get stuck on the tip of your tongue, social interaction and the bliss molecule, do animals cry?, does hot water freeze faster than cold water?, 3 animals that breathe through their butts, how to make a digital clock, what causes pins and needles, you can catch alzheimer’s disease, plants that keep themselves warm, what happens when you faint, how to escape quicksand, how to upload your mind, the first wild virgin births, why do things look darker when they’re wet?, why do we wrinkle when wet?, why is fluoride good for teeth, do plants get cancer?, are people really left brined or right brained?, 3 ways pi can explain practically everything, the science of that dress, three things that domestication did to dogs, music in your dna a new species of human, 5 of the worlds most dangerous chemicals, the truth about truth serum, how dogs really listen to us, weird places: mexico’s largest crystal cave, what causes brain freeze, blowholes and the smartphone morality experiment, 3 things your dog should not be doing, why do birds have white and dark meat, face book’s secret psychological experiment, animals that are smarter than you thought, is urine really sterile, what are bloodtypes, do women have adam’s apples, chemistry and corpses: the science of bog bodies , the deepest hole in the world and what we’ve learned from it, baboons with 2 hearts and pigs with human dna, how birds really see the world, why do cats knead, great minds leonardo da vinci, circadian rhythms and brain clock, the science of chocolate, this is not what evolution looks like, the door to hell, can you really be scared to death?, nasa’s new frontier and the trouble with gravity, what happens when you stop eating, sleep, why we need it and what happens without it, 3d printing and the northern walking stick insect, 3 big discoveries made by the international space station, the weird truth about arabic numerals, Pliny the elder great minds, rosalind franklin, great minds, starfish eyes, octopus blood, and human evolution in action, weird places: Australia’s bright pink lake, why are there righties and lefties, what is the oldest tree in the world?, hallucinogens as medicine, weird places: scooter, telepathic rats and a red lord amazon, the times and troubles of the scientific method, why no giant mammals, gluten, human powered helicopters and a red fox, weird places: waltano caves, why do cats purr, NASA needs you, the oldest star in the universe, weird places: blood falls, is there gravity in space, weird places: godreme national park, space news from the future, what happens if your body is exposed to the vacuum of space, animals that do drugs, luna impact, 3 physics experiments that changed the world, the most sophisticated mirror in the universe, the end of everything, 3 chemistry experiments that changed the world, 3 amazing photosynthetic animals, how to make a lemon battery, facts about human evolution, antarctica’s weird warming, why we age and how we can stop it, Nikola Tesla Great minds, supersonic fretful and new element hankium, the world’s 5 rarest animals , 3 world changing biology experiments, 3 ways to save earth from an asteroid, oxygen is killing you, good news and drinking pigs, the secret of your junk revealed, the origin of cute, bath salts, save tesla, the fibonacci sequence: nature’s code, human connector, hearing colors, seeing sounds: synesthesia, taboos of science, why sexy is sexy, official government statement on mermaids, space elevators, higgs both discovery, electromagnetism- magnetic force the four fundamental, Electromagnetis- Electrostatic force- the four fundamental, absolute zero absolute awesome, liquid fluoride thorium reactors energy for the future, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Gravitation: The four fundamental forces of physics, weak interaction: the four fundamental forces of physics, zombie apocalypse, strong interaction: the four fundamental forces of physics, mass extinctions, flesh-eating bacteria, the evolution of male homosexuality, weird diagnostics, schrodinger’s cat, your brain on porn, dmitri mendeleev: great minds, space mining, Marie Curie: great minds, apocalypse how?, apocalypse averted, colossal squid and rocket to the sun, vestigial structures, visiting the abyss, caffeine, the sex lives of early humans, more high boson news, europa, rare earth elements, cloaking devices, the mayan calendar and 2012, mind readings, exigencies, non-newtonian fluids and a bulletproof hoodie
Brainpop:
biofuels, carbon cycle, fossil fuels, natural disasters, nitrogen cycle, recycling, waste maanagement, air pollution, extinctions, plastic, everglades, greenhouse effect, organic food, ozone layer, birds, carnivorous plants, coral, dinosaurs, fossil, primates, seedless plants, vertebrates, seed plants, six kingdoms, mammals, dolphins, classification, autumn leaves, elephants, crystals, deserts, earth’s atmosphere, erosion, floods, glaciers, groundwater, ice age, mineral identification, north pole, ocean currents, rivers, rock cycle, solstice & equinox, south pole, tundra, types of rocks, water supply, water cycle, soil, tsunami, plate tectonics, nitrogen cycle, tropical rainforests, water, volcanoes, taiga, savanna, salt, seasons, ocean floor, oceans, mountains, weather, paleontology & anthropology,
- BRAINPOPS: ADHD, AIDS, Acceleration, Acids and Bases, Acne, Active Transport, Ada Lovelace, addiction, adolescence, adulthood, aging, agricultural revolution, air pollution, airbags, albert einstein, algae, allergies, aliens, alzheimer's disease, American Indians, amphibians, anne frank, anthrax, antibiotic resistance, ants, apollo project, appendix, arachnids, architecture, asexual reproduction, asteroids, asthma, atomic model, atoms, autism, autumn leaves, avalanches, avian flu, aztec civilization, babies, bacteria, balance, basic probability, bats, batteries, behavior, benjamin franklin, big bang, binary, biofuels, birds, black death, black holes, blood, blood glucose meter, blood pressure, blood types, body chemistry, body scans, body weight, boogers, braces, brain, bridges, broken bones, bruises, building basics, buoyancy, burns, CPR, caffeine, calculus, cameras, camouflage, cancer, carbohydrates, carbon cycle, carbon dating, carnivorous plants, cars, cats, cell phone, cell specialization, cell structures, cells, cellular respiration, cerebral palsy, Charles Darwin, chemical bonds, chemical equations, chicken pox, chocolate, circles, circulatory system, classification, climate change, climate types, cloning, cloud computing, clouds, cnidarians, color, comets, communism, compounds and mixtures, computer history, computer programming, computer viruses, computers, concept mapping, conditioning, conservation of mass, conserving energy, constellations, continents of the world, converting fractions to decimals, coordinate plane, coral, critical reasonong, crystals, cubism, current electricity, customary units, cystic fibrosis, DNA, dams, dark matter, data storage devices, daylight saving time, death, decimals, deserts, diabetes, diffusion, digestive system, digital animation, dinosaurs, distance, rate, and time, dogs, dolly the sheep, dolphins, dreams, droughts, duchenne muscular dystrophy, dyslexia, earth, earth's atmosphere, earth's structure, earthquakes, eating disorders, ebola, eclipse, ecosystems, egyptian pharaohs, elapsed time, electric circuits, electricity, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnets, elephants, endocrine system, energy pyramid, energy sources, erosion, estimating, everglades, exoplanets, exponents, extinction, eyes ,faces, factoring, fats, fetal development, fibonacci sequence, fire, fireworks, first aid, fish, flight, floods, flu & flu vaccine, food chains, food safety, force, forms of energy, fossil fuels, fossils, fractions, fuel cells, fungi, galaxies, galileo galilei, game theory, gas & oil, gears, genetic mutations, genetics, geography themes, geologic timedv, geometry, George Washington Carver, getting help, giant squid, gills, glaciers, global positioning system, gold rush, graphing linear equations, graphing and solving inequalities, graphs, gravity, great wall of china, greek gods, greenhouse effect, groundwater, growth, guns, hackers, hair, headaches, hearing heart, heat, helen keller, heredity, hibernation, hiccups, hiroshima & nagasaki, holocause, homeostasis, honeybees, hormones, horses, human body, human evolution, humans and tghe environment, humidity, hurricanes, hybrid cars, hydraulics, hyphens ad dashes, ice age, imagination, immune system, inca civilization, inclined plane, independent and dependent events, industrial revolution, inequalities, infancy, insects, international space station, internet, internet search, inuit, invertebrates, ions, isaac newton, isotopes, j.r.r. tolkien, Jane Goodall, joints, jupiter, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, kinetic energy kurt vonnegut, land biomes, lasers, latitude and longitude, leap year, leonardo da Vinci, levers, life cycle of stars, light, logic gates, lyme disease, lymphatic system, MP3, magnetism, mahatma gandhi, mammals, map skills, marie curie, mark twain, mars, matter changing states, maya civilization, mean, median, mode & range, measuring matter, melody and harmony, mercury, mesoamerica, metabolism, metals, metamorphosis, metric units, metric vs. customary, microscopes, middle ages, migration, milky way, mineral identification, mitosis, mixed numbers, moles, mollusks, monotremes, mood & tone, moon , moon phases, motherhood, mountains, mourning , multiple sclerosis, multiplying decimals, multiplying and dividing exponents, multiplying and dividing fractions, mummies, muscles, musical scales, nails, nanotechnology, natural disasters, natural resources, natural selection, neptune, nervous system, neurons, Newton's laws of motion, nikola tesla, nitrogen cycle, nobel prize, north pole, nuclear energy, nutrition, obesity, ocean currents, ocean floor, oceans, online sources, organic food, outer solar system, ozone layer, pandas, parallel structure, parallel & perpendicular lines, passive transport, pasteurization, pax romana, peak flow meter, penguins, percents, period, periodic table of elements, personal hygiene, photosynthesis, pi, plant growth, plastic, plate tectonics, pluto, pocahontas, poetry, pollination, polygons, polyhedrons, polynomials, population growth, potential energy, power, precision & accuracy, primates, prime numbers, printers, property changes, proportions, protists, protozoa, puberty, pulley, pythagorean theorem, RNA, Rachel Carson, radar, radio, radioactivity, railroad history, rainbows, ramadan, rational and irrational numbers, ratios, recycling, reducing fractions, refraction & diffraction, refrigerator, relativity, religion, reproductive system, reptiles, research, respiratory system, rivers, robots, rock cycle, roman numerals, roman republic, rounding, sars, sally ride, salt, satellites, saturn, savanna, scale drawing, science projects, scientific method, scoliosis, scopes monkey trial, sculpture, seasons, seed plants, seedless plants, seven wonders, sex determination, sharks, silk road, similar figures, six kingdoms, skeleton, skin, skyscrapers, slavery, sleep, slope & intercept, smallpox, smell, smoking, snowflakes, soil, solar energy, solar system, solstice & equinox, sound, south pole, space flight, spiders, spinal cord, sponges, square roots, standard & scientific notation, states of matter, static electricity, statistics, stem cells, steroids, stock market, stocks & shares, stress, strings, submarines, substance abuse, sumerians, sun, sun protection, swine flu, symbiosis, taiga, taste, tecumseh, teeth, telephone, telescopes, television, temperature, thomas edison, thunderstorms, tides, time zones, titanic, to kill a mockingbird, tornadoes, touch, trail of tears, transformation, tropical rainforests, tsunami, tundra, twins, two-step equations, types of rocks, types of triangles, underground railroad, underwater world, united nations, uranus, urinary system, using a calculator, vaccines, venus, vertebrates, video games, vietnam war, vikings, viruses, vision problems, vocals, voice, volcanoes, volume of cylinders, volume of prisms, Wangari Maathai, war, waste management, water, water cycle, water pollution, water supply, waves, weather, weathering, west nile virus, wheel & axle, wildfires, william shakespeare, wind, wind energy, winter holidays, woodwinds, work, world war I, world war II, world war II causes, wounded knee massacre, pH scale
- BRAINPOP ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL TOPICS: airport security, analog & digital recording, assembly line, bicycle safety, blogs, body scans, cd, cell phone, cloud computing, compass, computer mouse, computer programming, computer viruses, conflict resolution, copyright, cyberbullying, digital animation, digital etiquette, email & IM, fax machine, guns, hackers, information privacy, logic gates, media literacy, online safety, peer pressure, plagiarism, problem solving using tables, social networking, traditional animation,
- BRAINPOP HEALTH: Back to school, baseball, basketball, book report, ethics, football, getting help, olympics, peak flow meter, reading skills, setting goals, test preparation, vision problems
- BRAINPOP ARTS AND MUSIC: The Beatles, blues, brass instruments, clefs & time signatures, country music, dance, drama, drawing, Elvis Presley, filmmaking, frida kahlo, Georgia O'Keeffe, graphic design, harlem renaissance, hip-hop & rap, impressionism, jazz, latin music, literary genres, louis armstrong, ludwig van beethoven, michelangelo buonarroti, musical scales, painting, percussion, photography, pop art, portraits, reading music, scale drawing, sculpture, strings, surrealism, traditional animation, wolfgang amadeus mozart
- BRAINPOP MATH: Adam smith, adding & subtracting fractions, adding & subtracting integers, angles, area of polygons, associative property, binary, budgets, circles, commutative property, comparing prices, compound events, converting fractions to decimals, debt, distributive property, division, elapsed time, equations with variables, exponents, factoring, fractions, geometry, graphing & solving inequalities, graphing linear equations, graphs, independent & dependent events, interest, mixed numbers, mortgages, multiplication, multiplying & dividing exponents, multiplying & dividing fractions, multiplying decimals, order of operations, prime numbers, proportions, rational & irrational numbers, ratios, reducing fractions, roman numerals, similar figures, square roots, supply & demand, volume of cylinders, word problems,
- BRAINPOP ENGLISH: adjectives, adverbs, agatha christie, antonyms, synonyms & homonyms, biography, business letter, capitalization, charles dickens, citing sources, clauses, colons, conducting an interview, conjunctions, context clues, contractions, debate, diagramming sentences, dialogue, dictionary & thesaurus, edgar allan poe, emily dickinson, etymology, fact & opinion, five-paragraph essay, frankenstein, homer, hyphens & dashes, idioms & cliches, interjections, jack london, judy blue, kurt vonnegut lord of the flies, main idea, maya angelou, note-taking skills, nouns, outlines, pablo neruda, paraphrasing, parts of speech, personal pronouns, point of view, possessives, prepositional phrases, prewriting: choosing a topic, prewriting: organizing your thoughts, public speaking, punctuation, reading a newspaper, reading skills, ronald dahl, roots, prefixes, & suffixes, run-on sentences, semicolons, sentence fragments, show, now tell, similes & metaphors, strengthening sentences, subject & predicate, subject-verb agreement, tenses, they're, their, & there, types of sentences, types of writing, verbs & their objects, writing in sequence, writing process
- BRAINPOP SOCIAL STUDIES: Abraham Lincoln, Adolf Hitler, Amelia Earhart, American revolution, Andrew Jackson, apartheid, armed forces, articles of confederation, athens, aztec civilization, banking, Barack Obama, bass reeves, bill clinton, bill of rights, blues, branches of government, british empire, brown vs. board of education of topeka, causes of the american revolution, cesar chavez, che guevara, christopher columbus, citizenship, civil rights, civil war, civil war causes, cleopatra, cold war, columbian exchange, conquistadors, constitutional convention, court system, credit cards, declaration of independence, democracy, diwali, egyptian pharaohs, eleanor roosevelt, fall of the roman empire, feminism, feudalism, franklin d. roosevelt, frederick douglass, french & indian war, french revolution, george washington, gold rush, great depression, great depression causes, halloween, harlem renaissance, helen keller, henry hudson,how a bill becomes a law, immigration, industrial revolution, interest, iroquois confederacy, jackie robinson, hames madison, john adams, john f. kennedy, korean war, league of nations, lewis & clark, magna carta, malala, malcolm x, martin luther king jr., maya civilization, mexican revolution, mexican-american war, middle ages, miranda rights, money, mount everest, mourning, mummies, napoleon bonaparte, new deal, new year's oprah winfrey, ottoman empire, pele, pirates, pocahontas, political beliefs, political parties, political party origins, presidential election, presidential power, primaries & caucuses, queen elizabeth I, queen elizabeth II, ramadan, recession, reconstruction, religion, richard nixon, rise of the roman empire, ronald reagan, seminole wars, september 11th, simon bolivar, soccer, st. patrick's day, student rights, supply & demand, supreme court, terrorism, thanksgiving, theodore roosevelt, thirteen colonies, thomas jefferson, trials, u.s. constitution, voting, westward expansion, women's suffrage,
VISIONLEARNING: INTERACTIVE ANIMATIONS- EARTH SCIENCE
- Environmental Science
by Bozeman Science9:08
Environmental Systems
by Bozeman Science9:39
Geology
by Bozeman Science11:04
The Atmosphere
by Bozeman Science12:53
Water Resources
by Bozeman Science11:38
Soil and Soil Dynamics
by Bozeman Science9:22
Ecosystem Ecology
by Bozeman Science11:14
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
by Bozeman Science7:46
Ecosystem Diversity
by Bozeman Science7:08
Natural Ecosystem Change
by Bozeman Science6:38
Biogeochemical Cycles
by Bozeman Science8:35
Population Ecology
by Bozeman Science12:10
Human Population Dynamics
by Bozeman Science11:14
Human Population Size
by Bozeman Science10:18
Human Population Impacts
by Bozeman Science8:47
Agriculture
by Bozeman Science9:25
Forestry and Rangelands
by Bozeman Science9:19
Land Use
by Bozeman Science8:07
Mining
by Bozeman Science6:51
Fishing
by Bozeman Science7:32
Environmental Economics
by Bozeman Science9:21
Energy Concepts
by Bozeman Science8:53
Energy Consumption
by Bozeman Science7:51
Fossil Fuels
by Bozeman Science7:57
Nuclear Energy
by Bozeman Science9:06
Hydroelectric Power
by Bozeman Science5:41
Energy Reduction
by Bozeman Science6:42
Renewable Energy
by Bozeman Science9:21
Air Pollution
by Bozeman Science9:25
Water Pollution
by Bozeman Science9:07
Solid Waste
by Bozeman Science7:36
Health Impacts of Pollution
by Bozeman Science8:10
Stratospheric Ozone
by Bozeman Science7:07
Global Climate Change
by Bozeman Science7:06
Loss of Biodiversity
by Bozeman Science7:25
1st Semester: ASTRONOMY
AUGUST 12, 2015
2015-2016
FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL
Agenda
Introduction to course
Personal Survey handed out to students to do during class (dropbox not working this morning)
Field trip ideas
Tanner recommends the Pasadena Lapidary Society, one of their rock hunting activities, as a possible field trip excursion. Already donated a lot of the rocks that are in the class right now. Also mentioned Dodger tickets. His father is the official photographer of Los Angeles Dodgers. https://www.google.com/#q=jon+soohoo
anime anime anime, mentioned "holo lens" future with virtual reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh_7iQr5j-s
Quartzite (in another state)
Natural History museum near USC better than LaBrea Tar Pits
Homework: Have parents go to this website http:www.jeremyrosen.weebly.com, follow the links to get to the syllabus for the course that you are enrolled in. Then have them find my email which is listed on the cover page (so that they will have it and be able to contact me in the future- [email protected]) and have them email me a confirmation that they have seen the syllabus of the course (and have also just helped you get credit for your first homework assignment). If they have any suggestions or concerns they may address their issues during this initial email.
Introduction to course
Personal Survey handed out to students to do during class (dropbox not working this morning)
Field trip ideas
Tanner recommends the Pasadena Lapidary Society, one of their rock hunting activities, as a possible field trip excursion. Already donated a lot of the rocks that are in the class right now. Also mentioned Dodger tickets. His father is the official photographer of Los Angeles Dodgers. https://www.google.com/#q=jon+soohoo
anime anime anime, mentioned "holo lens" future with virtual reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh_7iQr5j-s
Quartzite (in another state)
Natural History museum near USC better than LaBrea Tar Pits
Homework: Have parents go to this website http:www.jeremyrosen.weebly.com, follow the links to get to the syllabus for the course that you are enrolled in. Then have them find my email which is listed on the cover page (so that they will have it and be able to contact me in the future- [email protected]) and have them email me a confirmation that they have seen the syllabus of the course (and have also just helped you get credit for your first homework assignment). If they have any suggestions or concerns they may address their issues during this initial email.
geology_syllabus.pdf | |
File Size: | 88 kb |
File Type: |
mr_rosen_survey_questions.pdf | |
File Size: | 48 kb |
File Type: |
Thursday August 13
Discussed
Earth science is divided into geology, oceanography, astronomy and meteorology
independent and dependent variables
Metric system: length is meter, mass kilogram, volume is liter , time is seconds, temperature is Celcius
Friday August 14
Question
Make an observation (1st step in scientific process) about anything in this classroom and then create a question out of it. .Explain to me what steps 2, 3, and 4 (so you are giving me an example of the scientific method carried out).
Discussion
Tanner's observation and question was that there was a skeleton in this room but is it male or female? So we did some research rather than an experiment. (So things are not always done exactly by the scientific method) Other ways discoveries have been made are from reverse technology, from accidents, and even from dreams. http://www.cracked.com/article_20498_5-famous-things-you-wont-believe-were-invented-in-dreams_p2.html So after a little research he came up with some dimorphisms (differences between genders) of skeleton: the males have larger brow, larger protuberances, flatter chin, larger prominence on the back of the skull and more narrower pelvis. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IrKRtsffu4.
Latitude lines are crossed as you move from north to south. Longitudinal lines are crossed as you move from east to west. The 0 degree latitude line is the equator and the 0 degree longitude line is called the prime meridian.
Homework
Start reading chapters 2 and 3
Make an observation (1st step in scientific process) about anything in this classroom and then create a question out of it. .Explain to me what steps 2, 3, and 4 (so you are giving me an example of the scientific method carried out).
Discussion
Tanner's observation and question was that there was a skeleton in this room but is it male or female? So we did some research rather than an experiment. (So things are not always done exactly by the scientific method) Other ways discoveries have been made are from reverse technology, from accidents, and even from dreams. http://www.cracked.com/article_20498_5-famous-things-you-wont-believe-were-invented-in-dreams_p2.html So after a little research he came up with some dimorphisms (differences between genders) of skeleton: the males have larger brow, larger protuberances, flatter chin, larger prominence on the back of the skull and more narrower pelvis. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IrKRtsffu4.
Latitude lines are crossed as you move from north to south. Longitudinal lines are crossed as you move from east to west. The 0 degree latitude line is the equator and the 0 degree longitude line is called the prime meridian.
Homework
Start reading chapters 2 and 3
Monday August 17
Questions
Agenda
Tanner recommends looking up Thorium. Went over electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is only a small part of it starting from lowest energy red light to the highest energy violet light. Higher frequency/energy than violet is Ultra Violet radiation (UV) and lower energy/frequency below red is Infra Red radiation (IR). From lower to higher frequency you have rqdio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays to name a few. The lower the frequency the lower the energy of the wave. The higher the frequency the higher the energy. All electromagnetic radiation travels at the spped of light.
Homework
- What would you measure volume with?
- How would you determine the volume of something with unprecise measurements such as a miniature toy frog?
- Are lattitude lines parallel to each other? How about longitudinal lines?
Agenda
- review for new student
Tanner recommends looking up Thorium. Went over electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is only a small part of it starting from lowest energy red light to the highest energy violet light. Higher frequency/energy than violet is Ultra Violet radiation (UV) and lower energy/frequency below red is Infra Red radiation (IR). From lower to higher frequency you have rqdio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays to name a few. The lower the frequency the lower the energy of the wave. The higher the frequency the higher the energy. All electromagnetic radiation travels at the spped of light.
Homework
- Read chapters 1 and 2
- know all these questions and you will be probably practicing some of the very questions that I will put on the test.
Tuesday August 18
Agenda
- The process of collecting data about Earth from far above its surface is called remote sensing. This is what satellites use. I want you to pick one of the satellites (Landsat, Topex/Poseidon, and Global Positioning System). Also Sea Beam uses sonar which is located on a ship rather than on a satellite. I want each of you to pick one kind of satellite and tell the rest of us about how it works.
- PRE-TEST click on this link
Homework
start reading chapter 3
Wednesday August 19
Questions:
the illusion of time - 53 minutes
strangest time zones of the world - 8:39
the past present and future all occur together - 9:44
Agenda:
Discussion:
There are some more subspecialities of Earth Science in addition to the four already mentioned. They are: Climatology, Paleontology, Hydrology, Ecology, Geochemistry, and tectonics
Homework:
Make sure you know chapters 1 and 2 pretty well. We will be going on to chapter 3
- Where is the International Date Line located?
- Pick a place in the world at find its lattitude and longitude.
- Do we advance a day by moving east or west across the international dateline?
the illusion of time - 53 minutes
strangest time zones of the world - 8:39
the past present and future all occur together - 9:44
Agenda:
- Choose a remote-sensing device to research, such as the Topex/Poseidon satellite, MOLA, the GOES satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, Landsat 7, GPS, or Sea Beam. Write a report that explains the system's design, how it uses electromagnetic frequencies, and its applications.
- Obtain several examples of different types of map projections, such as Mercator, conic, gnomonic, Robinson, and azimuthal. Bring the maps to the board and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of eadh map projection. Use science journals to outline the main ideas of the discussion
Discussion:
There are some more subspecialities of Earth Science in addition to the four already mentioned. They are: Climatology, Paleontology, Hydrology, Ecology, Geochemistry, and tectonics
Homework:
Make sure you know chapters 1 and 2 pretty well. We will be going on to chapter 3
Thursday August 20
Questions
Agenda
Homework
- Why do ships float- 3:52
- Where are most of the Earth's freshwater found?
- Strange microscopic life-forms have been found in rock at depths as great as? (how deep do you think)
Agenda
- http://thebulletin.org/thorium-wonder-fuel-wasnt7156 and/or what theuy don't want you to know about thorium
- longitude and lattitude quiz (should know for test)
- Measuring in SI lab (know how to get the density of a solid using electronic balance and graduated cylinder) for test
Homework
- Study Guide Chapters 1 & 2 due end of Friday
Friday August 21
Question(s):
Agenda:
Discussion:
- What kind of maps are used for normal street maps that we use to get from place to place in the car? (mercator, conic, gnomonic, or topographic)
- In a mercator map what areas get distorted when projecgted onto paper?
- Do problem #4 on Section Assessment 2.2: A topographic map has a fractional scale of 1: 80,000. The units are in centimeters. If two cities are 3 Km apart, how far apart would they be on the map?
- I told you that the earth (along with all the other planets except for Venus and Uranus) rotates counter clockwise. But that might be a little difficult when you try to relate that to spinning towards the east or towards the west. So which one of the spins just mentioned does counter clockwise spin relate to?
Agenda:
- Go over maps and satellites and whatever else we didn't cover
- You will have the entire class to do the study guide and ask questions
- Best way to study for test is to know all of the questions. Then read over what we covered daily in the website. Then the section and practice problems that you can find in earthgeu.com and also from the workbook.
Discussion:
- Just for interest. You won't be gested on this: Susami, Wakayama has the world's deepest mailbox - it's 10 meters underwater. And it's not just for show, it handles 200 pieces of mail a day. Postcards are written using grease pens and waterproof paper, then you rock scuba gear to place it in the box.
- The Earth rotates from West to East
- Venus is tilted 177 degrees (spring retrograde or clockwise motion)
- Uranus is tilted 98 degrees (spins from up to down)
- One of the most remarkable features of our solar system is that nearly all of the revolutions and rotations are in the same direction. From a point high above the north pole of the solar system the planets are revolving about the sun and rotating about their axes in a counterclockwise direction
Tuesday August 25
Questions:
Agenda:
Discussion:
- What can you say that you know about astronomy already and have you already taken a class about astronomy?
- What area of astronomy would you like to explore specifically?
- Is there anything that you can think of that you would like clarified on the subject of astronomy as of this moment?
- What is your opinion on alien life.
Agenda:
- As the subject of "Astronomy" is covered in our Earth Science textbook and with no complaints from the students we will be investigating this area now and will come back to geology afterwards.
- Tests given back. There will be a re-take to the test and you will be able to keep the higher of the two scores. So study what you got wrong and make sure you know the subject well enough because I will be giving similar questions but not exactly written the same word for word.
Discussion:
- The alien question was brought up in class and so there was topic about "Why wouldn't the government reveal the alien agenda if there has been contact with aliens?" Teacher told the class that "if" there has been contact that it may involve the economy in huge ways by what kinds of technology we may have been given. For example if we were given different sources of energy (free energy grids, thorium, etc...) then that would be a major concern for the people that own the oil in this country because that would decrease their riches. If there were health technologies that would cure cancer, etc... that would rival the interests of pharmaceutical companies. Also ethics are involved. What if we have been performoing certain genetical experiments such as making clones for human body parts and the public find out that this is what their tax money has been going to fund? Also what about the "panic" question about how the average citizen would respond to alien contact. There are many reasons why certain persons in high powerful positions would not want this to be revealed.
- Student said that he was sure that if such information was let out (alient contact) that everyone would know about it by now because that would be huge information. Then it was agreed that the mainstream media may be controlled and certain things not being mentioned upon the air but we are lucky for having the internet because this is an opportunity for many to "leak" information to the public. But there are always questions as to who is leaking, is there disinforation purposefully being leaked, and so on.
Tuesday August 25
TEST #1
GEOLOGY TEST #1 CHAPTERS (1 & 2)
GEOLOGY TEST #1 CHAPTERS (1 & 2)
- The variable that is manipulated is called the dependent variable (True or false)
- You have a thermometer in the classroom and you are releasing certain amounts of a liquid from a bottle into a solution in a beaker right below the thermometer. You want to know if this is going to raise or lower the temperature around you. What would be the dependent variable here? a) the amount of liquid in the bottle b) the temperature of the solution c) both a & b d) the thermometer
- What are the units used for density?
- Out of 4 possible points list the main 4 steps of the scientific method in the correct order.
- The process of collecting data far above earth’s surface is called a) electromagnetic sensing b) topographic studies c) mapmaking d) remote sensing
- What is a contour line? a) It is used to calculate a map’s scale b) lines that connect points of equal elevation c) a representation of the map’s altitude d) it is used to make a gnomonic projection
- What is 0 degrees longitude called? a) equator b) tropic of Capricorn c) Prime Meridian d) International Date Line
- The boundaries of time zones correspon a) exactly to lines of latitude b) exactly to lines of longitude c) roughly to lines of latitude d) roughly to lines of longitude
- What is the standard unit of weight in the SI system ? a) pound b) Newton c) kilogram d) ounce
- Which one of the following is not a specialized area of Earth Science a) meteorology b) geology c) biology d) astronomy
- Latitude lines are parallel to each other on the globe? (true or false)
- Longitude lines are parallel to each other on the globe? (true or false)
- We can go back a day by going east or west across the International Date Line?
- How would you measure something’s volume if it was too hard to measure its boundaries/
- EXTRA CREDIT: A topographic map has a fractional scale of 1: 80,000. The units are in centimeters. If two cities are 3 km apart, how far apart would they be on the map?
Wednesday August 26
LABORATORY:
- Students will each research one of six different map projections and present a nice display to use with a brief presentation which will be expected due by Friday. During the presentation you will discuss discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of your specific map that you researched. The following are the six map types.
- Mercator
- Conic
- Gnomonic
- Robinson
- Azimuthal
- Topographic
Friday August 28
AGENDA: UNIT 8 - BEYOND THE EARTH - Page 744
- VIEWING OF ALTERNATIVE THREE
- ASTRONOMY: Use this link alsio for this unit - FROM STARGAZERS TO STARSHIPS
- CHAPTER 28 "The Sun-Earth-Moon System"
- TEST #1 RETAKE
- Stargazers and Sunwatchers (read the entire contents)
- Write a one page summary of what Alternative Three was about.
Monday August 31
QUESTIONS:
Agenda:
Discussion:
Homework:
- What do you think are the two astronomical bodies that have the most dramatic impact upon the Earth?
- What do the two above influence here on earth?
- What is it called when the day and the night are at the same length?
- During what two times of the year does question #3 happen?
Agenda:
- Go over how test retakes are going to work. This time the students will get to have the better of the two scores (original or the retake) as their test grade. However in the future they are going to have the "average" of the two scores. So this time taking the retake is not going to hurt you. But you probably wouldn't want to take the retest in the future if you have a top score.
Discussion:
- NASA link (know what it stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
- An independent variable is the factor that affects the outcome of the experiment. It is not affected by the experiment. Time is ofte an independent variable The dependent variable results from changes to the independent variable in the experiment.
Homework:
- Summary for Alternative 3 documentary and opinion
- Retake for Test 1 (study)
- Stargazers and Sunwatchers continued... (read the entire contents from chapters one through 6 and stop when you reach 7.1)
Tuesday September 1
AGENDA:
RE-TEST CHAPTERS 1 &2
- Re-test of chapters 1&2
- From now on starting today we will save the last 15 to 20 minutes to start "homework". Whatever you don't finish in class will be your homework that is due and collected at the beginning of the next day
- Textbook: Read and do section 28.1
- THE SUN-EARTH-MOON SYSTEM worksheet
RE-TEST CHAPTERS 1 &2
- True or false: The water in Earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and glaciers make up the atmosphere.
- True or false: The blanket of gases that surround Earth is the atmosphere
- True or false: About three-fourths of all freshwater on Earth is contained in glaciers.
- True or false: The hemisphere includes all organisms on earth as well as the environments in which they live.
- True or false: Lines of lattitude run parallel to the equator
- True or false: Science is the result of technology
7. Suggested explanation for an observation
8. Procedure making measurements and observations 9. Factor in an experiment that can be manipulated 10. Factor that can change in experiment 11. Standard for comparison in experiment |
a. independent variable
b hypopthesis c. dependent variable d. control e. experiment |
12. What degree longitude is the International date line located on?
13. When you travel east across the International date line, you
a) advance your calendar one day b) advance your calendar 12 hours
c) move your calendar back one day d) move your calendar back 12 hours
EXTRA CREDIT: The scanning of the earth by satellite to get information is a process called what?
EVERYONE DID BETTER ON THEIR RETAKES !!
13. When you travel east across the International date line, you
a) advance your calendar one day b) advance your calendar 12 hours
c) move your calendar back one day d) move your calendar back 12 hours
EXTRA CREDIT: The scanning of the earth by satellite to get information is a process called what?
EVERYONE DID BETTER ON THEIR RETAKES !!
Wednesday September 2
QUESTION(S):
- Are all the planets in the solar system scattered 3-dimensionally or do they all lie on one plane?
- Do the moons, meteors, and sun also revolve and rotate counterclockwise? everything revolves and rotates counterclockwise almost
- All planets revolve in a counter clockwise direction around the barycenter (center of mass of the solar system). In addition to this nearly all planets also rotate in the same direction as their orbit (counterclockwise).
- Reminders for what is due: syllabus, survey, map projecti
- Finish up the map project if you have not. Then do the laboratory and start reading Crash course in basic night sky observing
- Construct a starwheel (go through the Sky Maps and Motions chapter)
- We (La Canada, CA) are 34.2077 degrees North latitude, 118.2070 degrees West longitude
- Read the Sky chart reading chapter in Crash course in basic night sky observing
Friday September 4
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
- What is the name of the narrow flat plane that all the planets and the sun lie on?
- Which constellations would the observable planets run through?
- What colors are the stars with the lowest temperature? The highest?
- What process occurs within the stars that provide energy?
- What is a supernova and how often does one occur in our galaxy?
- The star Polaris stays in a fixed position above the North Pole as we view in on a celestial sphere. Does an equivalent star exist for the South Pole?
- What are the equivalents of lattitude and longitude using the celestial sphere and what are each measured in?
AGENDA:
- Catch up with reading link Crash course in basic night sky observing (use it to answer today's questions) DAY1 and DAY2
- Catch up with reading text 28.1 and 28.2 and do your homework
- Explore this site with students and assign different activities Space Life Sciences (save this for Wednesday)
Tuesday September 8
VOCABULARY:
interferometry albedo highland mare retrograde motion astronomical unit |
ecliptic
summer solstice winter solstice autumnal equinox vernal equinox perihelion aphelion |
synchgronous rotation
solar eclipspe perigee apogee umbra penumbra precession |
QUESTIONS:
- What is the difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes? Tell me what you know about them
- Telescopes with differing wavelength detection
- Which one is darker, square A or square B (optical illusion)
- NASA's series of Great Observatories satellites are four large, powerful space-based telescopes. The four missions were designed to examine a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum using very different technologies. Dr. Charles Pellerin, NASA's Director, Astrophysics invented and developed the program during 1994.
- The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) primarily observes visible light and near-ultraviolet. A servicing mission in 1997 added capability in the near-infrared range and one last mission in 2009 was to fix and extend the life of Hubble which resulted in some of the best results to date. It was launched in 1990 aboard Discovery during STS-31.
- The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) primarily observed gamma rays, though it extended into hard x-rays as well. It was launched in 1991 aboard Atlantis during STS-37 and was deorbited in 2000 after failure of a gyroscope.
- The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) primarily observes soft x-rays. It was launched in 1999 aboard Columbia during STS-93 and was initially named the Advanced X-ray Astronomical Facility (AXAF).
- The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) observes the infrared spectrum. It was launched in 2003 aboard a Delta II rocket and was called the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) before launch.
- Read all of chapter 28 sections 1,2 and 3
- Read day three of Crash course in basic night sky observing titled "How to read a Sky Chart"
- Read and answer section questions for 28.2 in addition to 28.3 which was due today but given extension
- Worksheets 28 and 29 (28 due by friday and 29 due by the 18th)ss
Wednesday September 9
AGENDA:
- STUDENTS WILL USE CLASS TIME TO READ ALL OF CHAPTER 28 AND FINISH WORKSHEET HOMEWORK PREVIOUSLY DUE
Friday September 11
AGENDA:
- You will notice your scores are lowered due to the map assignment (you both had As). So to bring your grades back up today you will start to complete your map project (Nick with the Azimuthal map, Tanner with the Mercator, ...) By the end of class I want you to send me everything that you have gathered together (information, images, etc...) so that I can see the progress that you are making.
- There is always that astronomy board game to try should there be extra time =
Monday September 14
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
- During the summer soltice, the Sun is directly overhead at __________, which is at _____ degrees North lattitude.The number of daylight hours are at its maximum. This occurs around the 21st of _____ each year.
- The earth's distance from the Sun varies by about _______ during the year.
- What phase is the moon in when the Sun and Moon rise at the same time? 12 hours after the sun rises?
AGENDA:
- Student needs to grant me access to files sent to me.
- If there is no progress email, as agreed upon, then full credit for map goes down 10%
- Continue to work on maps
Tuesday September 15
QUESTIONS:
HOMEWORK:
- What does it mean when we way that the moon has a synchronous rotation?
- Tell me the phases of the moon starting and ending with the new moon.
- How would the phases of the moon be affected if the moon's rotation were not synchronous?
- The moon is tilted _____ degrees relative to the ecliptic. The Moon's orbital pane precesses with a period of_____ years. (5, 18)
- The Earth is tilted _____ degrees relative to the ecliptic. The Earth's orbital plane preceses with a period of _____ years.
- If you were to observe the Earth from the Moon, do you think that the Earth would have phases as well?
- Pluto makes an angle of 17 degrees with the earth's orbit (ecliptic). All the planets besides _____ orbit the Sun on the same ecliptic and this planet makes a _____ degree angle with it.
- When the pull of the Sun and Moon are together upon the Earth _____ tides are formed. When the Moon pulls at a 90 degree angle to the pull of the Sun then _____ tides are formed.
- To see the following links on your computer you can use my username: tsanelahachi and password: 0808jtr after logging into http://www.NeoK12.com
- Orbits and the ecliptic plane - reading with pictures
- The phases of the moon - 3:15
- Why does the moon look like it changes - 2:10
- What is a lunar eclipse - 1:40
- Moon Phases and Tides - 3:46
- Label the phases of the moon
- All other Moon matching activities that you should know and be able to perform correctly
- Spring and Neap tides - 39 seconds
HOMEWORK:
- Be able to perform all the following quizes/matching activities correctly. This is information you will need to know for the upcoming test.
- Identify Earth Diagram
- Quiz on Earth #1
Wednesday September 16
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
REVIEW FOR TEST NEXT WEEK
- What place does the Moon come in out of all the natural satellites in our solar system in the category of "the largest"?
- Why are there so many craters on the Moon compared to the Earth?
- What is the name of the most accepted theory on the origin of the Moon and tell what it is about.
- Why is our orbit not even entirely "elliptical"? What prevents this?
AGENDA:
- Know Perihelion and Aphelion from perigee and apogee
- Finish packet for chapter 28
REVIEW FOR TEST NEXT WEEK
- We will be having a test on Sun, Moon and Earth soon (chapter 28) of book
- You have option about 1) have 1/2 of your test being a demonstration holding the globe and showing me which way it revolves around the sun and rotates daily. Then you will stop at the two equinoxes and two soltices and explain what seasons are going on over the entire globe (e.g. on June 21 it is the summer soltice and the sun is directly shining down on the ________ making it this happen on this side of the globe and this happening on the other side of the globe). Then make your 2nd start and stop and explain what is happening. Then 3rd and 4th. You will need to know all about the equinoxes (vernal and autumnal), solstices, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Arctic circle, Antarctic circle, daylight hours vs. non-daylight hours, and finally at which points were the perihelion and aphelion.
- Other things you should know for the test (FOR A+ GRADE): The electromagnetic spectrum and where the following parts are located (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet x-rays, and gamma rays). Which has most energy? Highest frequency? Longest wavelength? What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? Benefits of telescope is to observe all different wavelengths instead of just visible light, brings more light to a focus, measure the intensity of light, and make time exposures. What is interferometry? Know that because moon has no atmosphere it has no erosion, weathering, chemical/biological effects, etc... Know moon phases and be able to describe solar eclipse and lunar eclipse including umbra and penumbra. Know that the zenith is 90 degrees overhead from the horizon of observer and altitude is measured in degrees (0 to 90). Know what synchronous rotation is and if the Moon phases would be different if there was no synchronous rotation. Know why the length of a lunar month is about 29.5 days rather than 27.3 (days for one revolution around Earth). Know the effect of Sun and Moon on tides of Earth. Know that Earth's rotation also contributes to the tidal effects. Know the positions of the Sun and Moon with respect to Earth in the creation of "spring" and "neap" tides and how do "high" and "low" tides fit into this. Are high and low tides the same as spring and neap tides? What are the positions of Sun, Moon and Earth during lunar and solar eclipses. During total lunar eclipse the refracting of sunlight gives moon a reddish color,
Friday September 18
REVIEW FOR TEST WEDNESDAY - EARTH/SUN/MOON
This is in addition to yesterday's review suggestions: Go over days 1 and 2 of this link: Crash course in basic night sky observing and also go over chapter 28.1, 28.2, and 28.3 in the textbook. Also any of those moon and earth quizzes from the www.NeoK12.com Username: tsanelahachi passcode: 0808jtr would be good to practice and go over. Another place that I will probably pick a couple questions from is Online companion to geology text and also from the QUESTIONS sections on my website after your last test. I will have a Kahoot.it game that will display the type of questions expected on the test made ready fifteen minutes before class ends.
This is in addition to yesterday's review suggestions: Go over days 1 and 2 of this link: Crash course in basic night sky observing and also go over chapter 28.1, 28.2, and 28.3 in the textbook. Also any of those moon and earth quizzes from the www.NeoK12.com Username: tsanelahachi passcode: 0808jtr would be good to practice and go over. Another place that I will probably pick a couple questions from is Online companion to geology text and also from the QUESTIONS sections on my website after your last test. I will have a Kahoot.it game that will display the type of questions expected on the test made ready fifteen minutes before class ends.
Monday September 21
QUESTIONS:
- Did you study the review for your test?
- Study the review for the test
- Know Perihelion and Aphelion from perigee and apogee
- Lunar eclipse video 1:47
- And what will this total lunar eclipse look like? Click here
Griffith Observatory's LiveStream page. (From 6:30 to 10:30 on night of the event)
physics-from-stargazers-to-starships_b_v22_5pf_s1.pdf | |
File Size: | 4880 kb |
File Type: |
Tuesday September 22
QUESTIONS:
HOMEWORK:
- Do research on this up and coming total lunar eclipse answer the following. When can you start seeing the moon on the 27th and when does it turn red?
- When does the moon finally start to come out of its umbra? Prenumbra?
- Can you see this blood moon from Los Angeles? What direction do you want to be looking to see this moon especially at the beginning?
- True or false: This is the Eighth blood moon tetrad since Biblical times?
- Speaking about Biblical can you related anything about this to the Bible?
- This will be a called a Supermoon because the moon will be at its _____ which is its closest distance to earth in its entire orbit.
- The phase of this moon is _____. Afterwards the moon will (wax/wane)
- What does the Earth orbit around? a) sun b) center of solar system c) barycenter 8 minutes ago d) its axis
- Go over the globe/demo part of the test
- Kahoot for practice
- all about tides
- all about moon
- Astronomy Online Textbook - Table of Contents
HOMEWORK:
- Now you can use the new online astronomy book to help study for the test as well. They have a chapter just on equinox and solstice that should help alot with the globe/demo part of the test.
- After studying fort test on online book then start reading the "Calendar" chapter.
Wednesday September 23
AGENDA:
- TEST
- make up work
- Sundial
- DETENTION will be assigned to those that still have not turned in their MAP project and detention will be used to complete assignment.
- READ CALENDAR CHAPTER (entire chapter: day, year, moon, all 3 calendars) - quiz to follow
Friday September 25
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
- What is the brightest star in the night sky?
- What do they mean by a "sidereal" day? (e.g. star-day or sun-day, in relation to the "fixed" what?)
- We generally express the length of the moon's orbit as a (sidereal/synodic) measurement?
- They say that the days are actually gettting longer. Why?
- How do you know when it is a leap year?
- What is the name of the calendar system that we currently use? What was it previously called?
- The calendar changed in 1582 for some countries. It changed in 1752 for the U.S. and Great Britain
- These people still use an uncorrected lunar calendar that falls back 11 days every year
AGENDA:
- Tanner can't go to field trip until he is caught up with my class - Currey
- How did the months of the year get their names?
- Why are the days getting longer?
- The Gregorian calendar
- Articles about astronomy (sun and moon special events)
Monday September 28
AGENDA:HOMEWORK:
- Read "Precession" chapter in the online
- Quiz on "Calendar" tomorrow
Tuesday September 29
Wednesday September 30
QUESTIONS:
- What planet has ice caps on its north and south poles?
- What planet did NASA just recently announce that it found liquid water on?
- What is the densest planet in the solar system?
- What planet has days that are almost the same length as our days?
- Which planet has the strongest magnetic field in the solar system?
- What is Jupiter's big red spot?
- What are the two planets that have retrograde rotation?
- What planet has a great dark spot? What is this great dark spot?
- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are referred to as the inner _____ planets.
- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are referred to as the outer _____ planets.
- What are considered the two sister planets?
- Pluto and Charon are a _____ system with a common center of gravity and mutually synchronous orbit, each one continually facing the other with the same side. Nix and Hydra are the two moons that orbit Pluto & Charon.
- Pluto is _____ the size as Charon.
- Pluto was reclassified in 2006 as a _______.
- What stretches from 30 to 55 AU?
- What moon has retrograde orbit?
- Continue reading The Planets Resource - my nsta.org email is [email protected] and password is 0808jtr and this will have all the information you will need to answer the questions above.
- Space facts is a good resource for astronomy. They have a section on dwarf planets you should read.
- Planet X article after you read that play this The Secrets of Niburu Planet X and the 5th Dimension - 1:31:10 and tell me what your opinion of planet x is.
- Kuiper Belt facts and Oort Cloud facts are both part of what they call the Trans-Neptunian object.
- Dwarf planets: (from least to greatest distance from the sun- Ceres, Pluto, Haumea,Makemake and Eris.) Ceres is an asteroid in the asteroid belt between Mars and Venus. The rest of the planets are in what they call the Kuiper Belt which are in the trans-Neptune
- Sedna wikipedia
- 10 strangest planets in space - 12:24
- Planet made out of diamonds (55 Cancri e) - 41 seconds
- The mythological story of Sedna and Destination Sedna
Friday October 2
QUESTIONS:
- What is the largest (mass) dwarf planet in the solar system?
- How far is the oort cloud from the sun?
- The Planets Resource (A Look at the Planets Science Object) http://learningcenter.nsta.org/lcms/default.aspx?a=so&gid=1056&tid=338&soid=66 [email protected] passcode: 0808jtr
- SPACESUIT INTERACTIVE
- The outer solar system - brainpop username: rlstevenson password: 90023
- Brainpop: Mars, Neptune
-
Monday October 5
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
AGENDA:
- Continue working on the Planets Resource and fill in the planet questions at the same time. Then go over the spacesuit interactive and pick out a commonality among all the different spacesuits and list a couple of differences that you see.
- The importance of spacesuits - 2:50
- Space station tour 1 - 9:44
- Space station tour 2 - 9:57
- brainpop: outer solar system, milky way, life cycle of stars, satellites, solar system, space flight, sun, apollo project, asteroids, comets, constellations, galaxies, exoplanets, international space station
- Constellation activity and here are some constellation myths
Tuesday October 6
AGENDA:
- SUBSTITUTE TEACHER (MR. ROSEN IS SICK)
- Use The Planets Resource to answer the questions for September 30 (scroll up on web)
- When done with above do the agenda that you didn't do yesterday (look above- l know you didn't do the constellation activity)
- read Astronomy Online Textbook - Table of Contents chapters (15 - 22) and 11 and 13 (read as far as you can)
Monday October 12
QUESTIONS:
AGENDA:
- Where are the intersections marking the two equinoxes? (celestial equator and the eciptic)
- These intersections slowly change and takes about how long to complete a full cycle?
- This movement marking the movement of the equinoxes is called the _______ of the equinoxes.
- In ancient times the intersection marking the spring equinox was in the constellation of Aries. As of the year 1 A.D. it was in the constellation of ________ and it has been up until now when it has just transitioned into the constellation of _________
- Has Polaris always been our Northern pointing star or do these stars change?
- Another name for the start Thuban used by the ancient Egyptians was _______.
- Does the distance from you to the horizon change depending on your altitude? distance to the horizon
AGENDA:
- Astronomy Online Textbook - Table of Contents chapters (15 - 22) and 11 and 13 (read as far as you can)
- Quiz at end of class
- Constellation assignment (I will give handout)
- 2 brainpops: outer solar system, milky way, life cycle of stars, satellites, solar system, space flight, sun, apollo project, asteroids, comets, constellations, galaxies, exoplanets, international space station
- Astronomy Online Textbook - Table of Contents chapters (15 - 22) and 11 and 13 (read as far as you can)
Tuesday October 13
MAKE UP TIME FOR INCOMPLETES
Wednesday October 14
The human body in space
AGENDA:
AGENDA:
- disuse osteoporosis, occurs when astronauts do not use their bones in space in the same way that they do on Earth. How Space Exploration Affects Astronaut
- Exposure to less gravity can leave muscles in a weakened state How Space Exploration Affects Muscles
- ISS Update: How Long-Duration Spaceflight Affects Health
- Radiation and Human Space Exploration
- Why Scientists Study Plants in Space -- Learn the reasons scientists at NASA study plants in life support facilities.
- How Plants Grow in Space: The Effects of Gravity and Light
- Discussion Points About Growing Plants in Space -
Friday October 16
How can you prove that the earth is round
Top 10 reasons that we know the world is round - (2:40)
AGENDA:
Top 10 reasons that we know the world is round - (2:40)
AGENDA:
- 3D Lunar Rover
- Example of where to get constellation info..... e.g. for Phoenix
Monday October 19
QUESTIONS:
- What directions do the planets seem to generally move across the sky from the Earth's perspective? This is due to what?
- Every so often the planets will move in a _____ motion and this is because of what?
- This volcano/mountain is located on ______ and is the largest in the entire solar system. Its name is _____
- Paths of the planets
- Technically the Earth does not revolve around the sun
- Remember that you can always test your knowledge in the Online companion to geology text with self tests, etc...
- Read Chapter 29.4 to be able to answer the starting questions for tomorrow.
- Read chapter 30.1 (The Stars: 804-812) and answer the assessment questions on page 812
Tuesday October 20
QUESTIONS:
- What do you call an asteroid, or any interplanetary material that falls toward Earth and enters its atmosphere?
- Any body of matter that has, upon entering Earth's atmosphere, become, as a result of friction, incandescent, appearing as a streak of bright light is called what?
- Part of #1 and #2 that collides with the ground of the Earth is called this?
- In which way do the tails of comet point?
- What two areas do comets come from?
- How many objects in the sky occassionaly have "retrograde" (opposite) motion and can you name them?
- The retrograde motion occurs because either the Earth overtakes some while the rest overtake (speed by) the earth. Which ones overtake and which ones are overtaken by the Earth?
- All but the inner __(#)___ planets have moons and all ___(#)___ outer ones have rings.
- The _______ lie outside the orbit of Neptune and extends to twice the distance to Neptune and includes a former planet now classified as a dwarf planet. This planet's name is _____
- Depending upon where the comet comes from (above) they are either non-periodic and are randomly ejected from the _____ and make their pass around the sun just one time or they are periodic making predictable orbits around the sun,
- There are a class of comet/asteroid type of matter that lie in between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune and they are given the name _____
- NASA JPL's Top Ten Skywatching Targets For October 2015 | Video
- Andromeda Galaxy Chases Its Lunch In October 2015 Skywatching | Video
- 2015 Germind Meteor showers
- The answers to the first three questions today are going to be the following but not in that order (meteor, meteorite, meteoroid)
- Other answers will come from the last chapter in the online book, chapter 23: THE PLANETS. As for the rest, that is what the internet and google searches are for, finding the answers.
- What are astronomy centaurs? (Not the half-human, half-horse mythological centaur)
- Besides chapters (1-6) and (8-10) which you were already tested on, I am covering information from chapters 11 (Navigation), 14 (calendar), 15 (Precession), 17 (Distance to the Horizon), 18 (Parallax), and 23 (The Planets) so you should read through those. But concentrate especially on the questions asked as those you will be responsible for. You should be able to get the answers from the readings in the online astronomy book Astronomy Online Textbook - Table of Contents and from reading/watching the links on by website. I am also going to throw in section 29.4 and chapters 30 and 31 of the Earth Science text to be included on the next test as I want to cover all the main things in astronomy before going and spending the rest of the school year on geology.
Friday October 23
QUESTIONS:
- What part of the electromagnetic frequency do you think that most satellites use? How about cell phones?
- True or false: Man made satellites orbit the Earth at the same rate as the planets rotation.
- Why is space black? (Olber's Paradox)
- Brainpop: Satellites, Apollo project
- NASA was formed in 1958 to help America catch up to the Soviet Union in the so-called space race.
- Information is sent out as waves in electromagnetic radiation and probes detect and process the info.
- Apollo officially began in 1961 after JFK talked of landing a man on the moon and the space race began.
- Sputnik I by Soviets launched in 1957
- Apollo 1 in 1967 was bad start when fire started during lift off and 3 pilots were all killed
- Apollo 7 1968 launched 3 astronauts in orbit and Apollo 11 in 1969 sent the first men on the moon. Mission control is in Houston, TX. Apollo 13 resulted in a dramatic rescue in 1970. Apollo 17 was last one and carried astronauts to the moon and back in 1972.
- The famous quote "Houston, we have a problem," was said by astronaut John Swigert during the Apollo 13 mission shortly after the explosion- although the actual quote is "Houston, we've had a problem here
- Saturn V was the rocket that launched the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon.
- Much of outer space is only 2.7 degrees Kelvin which is about -270 ℃!
Monday October 26
QUESTIONS:
- From outer to inner surface region of the sun where do the protosphere, chromosphere, and corona,ttrfr cvc lie? How about the temperatures?
- Does the sun follow any type of cycle and if so how long is the cycle?
- Will our sun end up as a white dwarf?
- Star in the box
- Asteroids vs comets
- secrets of the sun (53:00)
- 10 mind blowing facts about the solar system (3:04)
- the story of the sun at its fiery death (3:37)
- meet the planet thats 1/3 diamond (1:23)
- a planet with four suns (0:50)
- giant ufo refueling from the sun (3:27)
- VY Canis Majoris - largest star ever discovered
- 1 parsec = 3.26 light years = 3.086 x 10¹³km = 206,205 AU
- c = 2.998 x 10⁸m/s
- The words luminosity and power mean exactly the same thing: energy per second. A physicist uses power to describe what an astronomer calls luminosity. In the SI system of units, power is expressed in watts, where 1 watt = 1 joule / second.
- The sun is a type G2 Star with 5,800K surface temperature and inner temperature of 15 million ℃. 3.85 x 10²⁶ luminosity. It also has a +5 absolute magnitude and a -27 apparent magnitude.
- From hottest (50,000K) to coolest (2,000K) surface temperatures: O, B, A, F, G, K, and M
- Stars up to 8 times as the Sun's mass end up as white dwarfs. Stars betweem 8 and 20 of the Sun's mass end up as neutron stars of which supernovas occur when outer layers bounce off of it. More than 20 time the sun's mass will end as black holes.
Tuesday October 27
QUESTIONS:
- About how old is our star? (child, middle aged or senior citizen)
- 10 strangest planets in space - 12:24
- Brainpop: Satellites, Apollo project, sun, life cycle of stars, asteroids, galaxies, milky way
- what is a dumbhole?
- What if the sun disappeared?
- What is a sunspot?
- The only part of the sun that can be seen is its atmosphere
- Sunspots give off less energy than the rest of the sun and are therefore cooler.
- SOHO was launched in 1995 to study the sun it stands for (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory.
- The more massive the star the more luminous
- The birth of our Sun was about 200K cooler at the surface, 30% fainter, and nearly 8% smaller.
astronomyelectromagneticradiation.pptx | |
File Size: | 1566 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
Wednesday October 28
AGENDA:
- Student self selected lab/activity for block day (gave choice of either my planned lab or to submit proposal to me of what each student/group would like to work on. Spacesuit presentation with additional upgrade ideas presented by student. Extended effects and precautions to take to compensate for lack of gravity deleterious effects when suddenly back on earth with gravity. Okay'd by me, Mr. Rosen.
- Some student(s) in testing today so the student(s) in class today will have two block days to complete this assignment.
- The human body in space
- http://learningcenter.nsta.org/lcms/default.aspx?a=so&gid=1056&tid=338&soid=66 [email protected] passcode: 0808jtr
- SPACESUIT INTERACTIVE (you will need the information above I think)
- disuse osteoporosis, occurs when astronauts do not use their bones in space in the same way that they do on Earth. How Space Exploration Affects Astronaut
- Exposure to less gravity can leave muscles in a weakened state How Space Exploration Affects Muscles
- ISS Update: How Long-Duration Spaceflight Affects Health
- Radiation and Human Space Exploration
Friday October 30
AGENDA:
- Brainpop: Electromagnetic Spectrum (movie, FYI, questions, activities, and quiz)
- Print out the Brainpop Electromagnetic Spectrum Activity (3 sheets) for students to do
- Powerpoint: Electromagnetic Spectrum
Monday November 2
QUESTIONS:
- Name all the different parts of the electromagnetic specutrum that you can from the lowest frequency to highest
- Name one thing that each part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be related to
Wednesday November 4
AGENDA:
Friday November 6
AGENDA:
Monday November 9
QUESTIONS:
- The largest and smallest dwarf planets are? (Read your study guides)
- The largest asterois is called Pallos
- solar system concept map fill in and vocab flash cards and crossword puzzle astronomy mcgraw-hill online trial
- memory solar system game
- Online quiz of sun and other stars; online quiz of solar system
- http://www.neok12.com/Electromagnetism.htm
- Crash course astronomy #10: The Sun 12 min
- Crash course astronomy #20 Asteroids, 21 Comets, 22 The Oort Cloud, 23 Meteors
Tuesday November 10
AGENDA:
- 31 Space Quizzes
- Makemake is proinounced Mah-kee-mah-kee and was the fourth dwarf planet discovered. The three dwarf planets discovered before Makemake are Pluto, Eris and Ceres.
- The fifth dwarf planet discovered was Haumea. There are currently 5 dwarf planets in our solar system.
- 10 Strangest Planets in Space - Number 1 is a dark menacing planet named TrES-2b the darkest planet in the entire universe. It reflects less than 1 percent of all light that hits it. Its ominously dark surface glows a molten red color since it is 1,100 ℃, 55 Cancri e is twice the size of earth and is very carbon heavy (made of diamond), Gliese 436b is a ball of ice on fire, HD 189773b is a planet where it rains glass sideways in its 4,000 mph winds. Wasp-12b in orbit so close to star it is extremely hot loses 6 billion metric tons of mass per second Gliese 581c orbits a red dwarf star so the sky will always be a deep crimson red and one side always faces the star sun due to its synchronous rotation and the opposite side is so cold you would instantly freeze so you would have to live in the narrow strip of land halfway in between both sides that is the perfect temperature to support life as we know it. Wasp 17b it is 1.9x the size of jupiter with a retrograde orbit, planet with 3 suns HD 188753 Ab you would have triple shadows and constant eclipses and experience the most strangest and beautiful sunrises and sunsets anyone would ever experience, GJ 1214b a planet made entirely of water and it is nicknamed "waterworld" with Ice VII as the core , Kepler 438b as of January 2015 is the most earthlike planet we have ever found the earth similarity index is 0.88 with 1 being identical to Earth and 0 being nothing like earth at all. So far this is the best candidate so far for Earth 2.0. However, in July of this year came another candidate called Kepler 452b. Its ESI (Earth Similarity Index) is equal to 0.98 - 12:24
Thursday November 12
AGENDA:
- 31 Space Quizzes
- Dysnomia is Eris's moon, Pluto has 5 moons incuding Chadron, Haumea has two moons but Makemake doesn't have any.
- Mistake: Pallas is NOT the largest asteroid as study guide says. CERES is the largest. Other asteroids are Juno, Cybele, Hermione and Vesta
- Io, Europe, Ganymede and Callisto are the 4 largest moons of Jupiter and also the ones discovered by Galileo
Friday November 13
AGENDA:
Thursday November 19
QUESTIONS:
- Stars are the building blocks of our galaxy and the soure of most elements in the universe. Throughout their life cycles, stars produce _(what element)____ and lighter elements by fusion. Heavier elements are produced when massie stars explode at the end or thier lives.
- During labortary work on your powerpoint computer presentations. I will be checking every 20 minutes to make sure that you are making progress. This will be a portion of your grade as detailed in the rubrik below, benchmark category. There are 4 other categories with the score of "4" being the highest for each category. Therefore the total possible is going to be out of 20 but will be adjusted according to carry equal weight with the rest of the projects you have done so far.
presentation_rubric_.pages | |
File Size: | 756 kb |
File Type: | pages |
Monday November 30
QUESTIONS FOR THE WEEK:
- There are three types of spectra: continuous, emission, and absorption. A spectrum that has no breaks in it, such as one produced when light from an ordinary bulb is shined through a prism, is called a ______ spectrum. continuous
- Depending on the time of the year, only certain constellations are available. This is why constellations are classified as _____ seasonal
- A group of stars that are gravitationally bound to each other is called a __cluster___. The Pleiades, in the constellation Taurus is an ___open__ cluster because the stars are not densely packed into a spherical shape, such as M13, in the constellation Hercules.
- More than half of the stars in the sky are either _____ stars or members of multiple-star systems. Sirius is one such system. binary
- Astronomers use two units of measure for long distance. One is the light year which is 9.461 x 10¹² km. The other is called the _____ which is abbreviated pc and it is equal to 3.26 ly (light years) or 3.086 x 10¹³ km. With advancements in technology we can now find accurate distances to stars up to 100 parsecs (pc) away.
- We use this to measure distances of stars. It is the apparent shift in the position of the stars that caused by the motion of the Earth from one side of its orbit around the sun to the exact opposite side. This is called _____.
- The _____ of stars range from 0.1 times that of the Sun and 50 times that of the Sun.
- The energy output from the surface of a star is measured in watts and is called its _______.
- The appearance of a star's spectra is almost entirely because of its --------. Hotter stars have fairly simple spectra while cooler stars have spectra with more lines.
- All stars generally have the same chemical composition which is 73 percent _____ and about 25 percent _____ and the remaining two percent are the variations in the stars.
- Spectral lines provide other information about stars in addition to composition and temperature. Spectral lines are shifted in wavelength by motion between the source of light. So if a star is moving toward you it is _____ and if it moving away from you it is _____.
- Stars are assigned spectral types in the following order: O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. Each class is subdivided into more divisions with numbers from 0 to 9. The classes correspond to stellar temperatures, with the ____ stars being the hottest and the ____ stars being the coolest. The Sun is a type G2 star which corresponds to a surface temperature of about 5800 K. Surface temperatures range from about 50,000 K to as low as 2,000.
- The balance between gravity squeezing inward and pressure from nuclear _____ and radiation pushing outward must be equal for any stable star, otherwise it will expand or contract. This balance is governed by the mass of a star.
- Stars on the main sequence (see H-R diagram) all produce energy by fusing _____ into _____. Stars that are not on the main sequence (____ giants and _____ dwarfs) either fuse different elements in their cores or do not undergo fusion at all.
- Once a star's core has been converted to helium, the helium may fuse to form carbon if the temperature is high enough. Other types of reactions can produce even heavier elements but few heavier than _____
- The sun is average in its physical properties. However, stars (smaller/larger) in mass are far more numerous while the (smaller/larger) are extremely rare.
- The stars that have (higher/lower) mass than the sun have much, much longer lives than the sun.
- The formation of a star begins with a cloud of interstellar gas and dust, called a _____ which collapses on itself as a result of its own gravity. As it contracts its rotation forces it into a disk shape with a hot condensed object at the center called a _____. Eventually it begins to get hot enough for fusion to begin and then it is truly a star and takes its place on the main sequence according to its mass.
- _____ radiation is sometimes known as heat radiation, because we sense it as heat even though we can't see it with our eyes.
- Betelgeuse in the Orion constellation is what kind of star? Red giant
- More massive stars start higher in the main sequence but undergoes many more _____ phases and thus produces more elements in its interior. The star becomes a red giant may times
- A star with as many as -____ times the Sun's mass ay end up as a white dwarf with a final mass less than 1.4 times the Sun's mass. The composition of a white dwarf os determined by how many _____ _____ it went through before it stopped reacting. Thus there can be white dwarfs made up of oxygen, neon, and so on.
- A star that begins with a mass between about _____ and 20 times the Sun's mass will end up with a very violent end due to having a core that is too massive to be supported by electron pressure. As it collapses in on itself its protons and electrons in the core merge to form _____ which cannot be squeezed and halts the collapse and the core becomes a ______ star. The entire outer portion of the star continues to fall inwards until it violently rebounds in a massive explosion called a ________. This explosion creates elements that are heavier than iron and enriches the world.
- A star that starts out with more than about ____ times the mass of the Sun cannot even form a neutron star. The small, but extremely dense, object that remains is called a _____ _____. Not even light can escape its gravity.
- Ask students whether they have ever noticed the change in pitch of a police or ambulance siren as the emergencyvehicle passed by. Now relate this doppler effect (higher vs lower pitch) to stars redshift and blueshift
- The science of light spectrum of stars
- The sun and other stars handout http://connected.mcgraw-hill.com/ mybooks13; 612science2016
- The sun and other stars (to read
- Emission and absorption spectrum- 5:17 A Level Physics: Emission and absorption spectra- 5:11
Tuesday December 1
AGENDA:
- H-R diagram and age comparison of stars (and main sequence line stars)
Thursday December 3
QUESTIONS:
- What kind of stars form planetary nebulas?
- What elements are found in planetary nebulas?
- Parallax in the classroom (page 817) for lab
- Each student pick a particular star and learn as much as possible about that one star. Find out the star's name, its designation, its magnitude, its position, its spectral type, its mass, its luminosity, and so on.
- Identifying Stellar Spectral Lines - Geolab (page 826)
- Nebula worksheet
- Star Workheet
- Online Astronomy course
- Where is our place in the universe
Monday December 7
QUESTIONS:
- Only by mapping the galaxy with _____ waves have astronomers been able to determine its shape. This is because they can penetrate the interstellar gas and dust without being scattered or absorbed.
- The Milky Way Galaxy has 4 major _____ arms. The Sun is located in the minor arm _____ at a distance of 28,000 ly from the galactic center.
- The galactic center object is called what?
- The next classification that is higher than galaxy is a _______
- The Milky Way Galaxy is in the _____ cluster that contains around 20 to 30 galaxies. Our closest cluster is the _____ cluster.
- Astronomers divide stars into two classes: Population I stars are those in the ____ and _____ and have small amounts of heavy elements. Population II stars are those in the _____ and _____ and contain only traces of heavy elements.
- The Andromeda _____ located in the Andromeda constellation turned out to be a galaxy when the great distance was found out.
- Andromeda, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 is our closest galaxy. It is a(n) _____ type of galaxy. It is 2.5 light years away from us.
- The study of the universe is called _____
- The theory that the universe began as a point and has been expanding since is called ______
- The alternative to the above is the _______ theory. It states that new matter is created and added to the universe as it expands and the overall density has always been the same and does not change. Today there is more evidence that leans toward the _______
- In this theory there is no beginning of the universe and there will be no end.
- This is noise coming from all directions in space from corresponding to an emitting object having temperature of 2.735 K. ?
- There are 3 possibilities as we move into the future with the Big Bang Theory. One is that the universe will be ______, the other is _____, and the last is ______. It depends if the average density is above, equal to, or below the critical density. Currently it is less than so it is looking to be an open universe however the dark matter is not taken into account.
- Visible light does not contain enough energy to produce particles, but higher energy ______ do. Especially gamma rays.
- How much has the expansion rate gone down since the universe started? (may be a trick question)
- The age of the universe is hypothesized to be about 13.5 billion years old.
- The discovery of cosmic background radiation is important because it supported the notion of this.
- Matter that emits no light at any wavelength is ______ ______, which is hypothesized to be more than 90% of universe.
2nd Semester: GEOLOGY
MONDAY JANUARY 4
AGENDA:
- Watched "Basics of Geology: All about rocks and minerals" (good for next chapter)
- Definition of Mineral: Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with definitive crystal structures and chemical compositions.
- Amber forms from tree sap. Pearls come from oysters. Ivory comes from elephant, walrus, sperm whale and hornbill.
- How do oysters make pearls?
- How is coal formed? 1:51
- Where does our coal come from - 6:43
- Place table salt - the mineral halite - on a microscope slide, separate the grains and observe. Then do the same with quartz and compare and contrast with the table salt.
sulfates
sulfides carbonates corundum feldspar luster special precipitate Rock vs Mineral brainpop: carbon dating brainpop: type of rocks CA Gold Rush History 1h 54m Minerals website |
(crystalline
halides streak feldspar quartz hydrogen mineral Gem gallery How do diamonds form? brainpop: rock cycle Alaska Gold Rush - 8:18 minerals that fracture (& other special properties) |
native elements
mica magnetite specific gravity super saturated silicates gypsum Mohs rock 20 gems brainpop: crystals brainpop: fossils minerals by grouping |
copper
calcite fluorite galena diamond evaporation crystal topaz naturally Herkimer diamonds - 5:28 brainpop: Mineral idendity brainpop: natural resources brainpop: salt |
QUESTIONS (answers are above):
- The Great Pyramids in Egypt is made up of limestone which, in turn, is make up of the mineral _____ which also happens to be the primary mineral in the marble found in the Parthenon in Greece.
- A mineral must be 1) ______ occurring, 2) inorganic solid, 3) have a specific chemical composition and 4) a definite _____ structure.
- The largest mineral group is the silicates which make up 96% of the known materials. _____ and _____ are the first and second most abundant minerals found in earth's crust. (other silicates are muscovite, biotite, talc, serpentine, zircon, and topaz)
- What mineral is found in a lead pencil?
- Which one is a mineral, salt or sugar?
- Diamonds have a hardness of 10 on the _____ scale
- Synthetic diamonds can be used to make _____-tipped instruments. Microwaves are used to strip ________ gas (CH₄) of its hydrogens thus leaving the carbon to bond on the surface of the cutting instrument and form tiny rows of diamonds.
- Physical properties that minerals have which are commonly used to identify them (10 of them): 1) color 2) texture 3) ______ (shine) 4) _______ 5) fracture 6) cleavage 7) _____ (measured in Mohs) 8) _______ (g/L) 9) streak, and 10) _____ shape
- There are also ______(chemical) properties of minerals which include a tendency to react with certain acids, radioactivity, magnetism, fluorescence, phosphoresence, piezoeletricity, and double refraction.
- A _______ a naturally occurring solid with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. _______ are naturally occurring solids composed of one or more of them.
- Of the 3000 known minerals, (10/100/1000) make up about 90% of the rocks in Earth's crust and 3 times more than that are common.
- Halite is ______ (which type of crystalline structure)
- quartz is _____ (Which type of crystalline structure)
- Minerals can form from a _____ solution, or overfilled, with another substance, mineral crystals may begin to _____, or drop out of solution. Another way that minerals may form from a (first blank here again) solution is by the process of _____ leaving the crystals behind.
- The top two elements in the earth's crust is _____ at 46.6% followed by _____ at 27.7% followed by aluminum, iron, calciu, sodium, potassium, magnesium.
- The two most abundant minerals found in the Earth's crust are _____ and _____. They are both classed as _____.
- Large crystals usually grow in (open/restricted) spaces. If grown in a/an (open/restrictive) space the internal atomic arrangement of a mineral becomes not so readily apparent.
- _____ is molten material found beneath Earth's surface. (small/large) crystals form from rapidly cooling magma which has come into contact with air or seawater quickly.
- The mineral ____ (shown in the book) forms from the evaporation of water by the seashore.
- All silicate minerals are called _____ -forming minerals because they are the ones found mostly on the crust of earth.
- SiO₂ is the chemical formula for _____. (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH₂) is _____
- Pyrite & fluorite (Cubic/Isomeric); Zircon & Rosenbergite (Tetragonal); Pyromophite & Apatite (Hexagonal); Topaz & Olivine (Orthorhombic); Gypsum & Talk (Monoclinic) ; Feldspar & wulfenite (Triclinic)
- A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern. It may take on the shape of one of the 7 major crystal systems
TUESDAY JANUARY 5
AGENDA:
THURSDAY JANUARY 7
AGENDA:
At the front of the class, mix 3 tablespoons of table salt with 1 cup of water in a clear jar. Stir until all the salt dissolves. Pour a thin layer of the salt water into a shallow dish and shine a lamp on it. When the water evaporates, a thin layer of salt forms. Have the class discuss how this models deposition on Earth's surface.
- Watch California 1849 Gold Rush at Sutter's Mill, CA and Alaskan Gold Rush of the 1890s (find documentary)
- Have students sketch the six basic crystal shapes on piece of paper. Look at examples on microscope slides
- Crystal growing experiment (1 stick)
- Solids come are either 1) amorphous, 2) without form, or 3) crystalline. Crystalline solids are definite, rigid shapes with clearly defined faces and come in 7 forms.
- A crystal is any solid material whose atoms are arranged in a definite geometric pattern.
- All crystals can be classified into one of seven basic shapes. They usually have flat planes that are set at fixed angles to one another.
- Some crystals are very rare and sell for high prices. Gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires are crystals
- Crystals are used in electronics, lasers, communications, barometers, pressure gauges and watches, to name a few
- Crystals grow then they come into contact with the same molecules or atoms they are made of.
- They are inanimate which means they are not alive.
- To grow crystals in sugar-water the water must be saturated (dissolved all the sugar it possibly can). The warmer the water, the more sugar the water will dissolve before it becomes saturated.
- When a sugar solution is cooled, it becomes super-saturated (more sugar in it than can stay in liquid form) The sugar then begins to crystallize (change from liquid to solid).
- Energy is released from the bond that is formed which attracts more atoms of sugar molecules in the solution.
- When done after seven days you will have made rock candy just like candy makers did more than one hundred years ago.
- Measure exactly 3/4 cup water and pour into one-quart saucepan. heat in microwave until boiling.
- Immediately pour bag of sucrose (or table sugar) into boiling water and begin stirring with a spatula
- Stir solution continuously with spatular on medium-high heat. the solution will appear milky or cloudy. after two minutes of heating and stirring, the solution will become clear so you can see the bottom of the saucepan. continue heating and stirring for about one more minute so that most of the grains of sucrose in the solution are completely dissolved (dont' get solution too hot or it will not grow crystals). As soon as all granules have dissolved, immediately remove from heat.
- Remove saucepan from heat and pour solution into the growing vessel. Put vessel on a stable heat resistant surface.
- insert bare end of the seeded stick through the hole in the bottom side of the lid. The coating on the stick is what the rock candy crystals will grow on. We refer to these as "seeds"
- Lower the seeded stick into the sugar solution in the growing vessel. Position the stick so that it is hanging in the center of the vessel.
- PRECIPITATION METHOD: Keep the growing vessel in a place that stays warm at a constant temperature somewhere between 70 and 85 ℉. Avoid shaking or disturbing the crystals as they are growing. Each day there will be notieceable crystal growth on the stick and on the bottom and sides of the vessel (about 7 days). When the crystals stop growing, the sugar solution is in equilibrium The water is no longer supersaturated, but saturated.
- EVAPORATION METHOD (optional): If you want to make the crystals grow even larger punch or cut holes in the plastic lid of the growing vessel. The holes will allow air into the vessel and will cause the water in the sugar solution to evaporate. As water in the solution is removed by evaporation, more sugar must change from liquid to solid. The crystals will grow much slower but they will keep growing until all the water has evaporated.
At the front of the class, mix 3 tablespoons of table salt with 1 cup of water in a clear jar. Stir until all the salt dissolves. Pour a thin layer of the salt water into a shallow dish and shine a lamp on it. When the water evaporates, a thin layer of salt forms. Have the class discuss how this models deposition on Earth's surface.
Friday January 8
AGENDA:
- Finish watching Gold Rush in California documentary 1 hour 54 minutes
Monday January 11
CO₃
luster metallic iron quartz uranium |
fluorite
sulfide sulfate texture halide |
pyrite
trace feldspar silicate color |
QUESTIONS: SECTION 4.2 - IDENTIFYING MINERALS
- Carbonates are minerals composed of one or more metallic elements with the carbonate compound _____. Examples are dolomite and calcite. They are the primary minerals found in limestone, coquina, and marble.
- Oxides are compounds of oxygen and a metal. Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) are common ____ oxides and good sources of iron.
- Uraninite UO₂ is the major source of _____ which is used to generate nuclear power.
- Pyrite (FeS₂) is a _____
- Anhydrite (CaSO₄) is a _____
- Calcite (CaCO₃) is a _____
- Halite (NaCl) is a _____
- Quartz can be found in a variety of colors because of the different _____ elements in them. Quartz is a _____
- _____ is one of the least if not the least reliable clue to a mineral's identity
- The way that a mineral reflects light from its surface is called its _____. It is described as being metallic or nonmetallic.
- Silver, gold, copper, and galeta have shiny surfaces that reflect light. Thus, they are said to have a _____ surface.
- The _____ describes how a mineral feels to the touch. smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, soapy, or glassy. Fluorite is smooth while talc is greasy.
- A mineral rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate will sometimes leave a colored powder on the surface of the plate. The _____ is the color of the powder. Sometimes this does not match its mineral's color. _____, or fool's gold, is a good example. It leaves a greenish-black powder or _____ while gold, on the other hand, leaves a yellow one.
- _____can be purple, yellow, green or blue, but its streak is always white. It is a halide with formula CaF₂(s)
- Is synthetic diamond a mineral?
- A streak plate has a harness of _____ mohs which is the same as the mineral _____. The streak test uses a porcelain plate.
- What are the two most abundant minerals in the earth's crust?
- Gold Rush Documentary Quiz
- Potassium can counteract the effects of too much salt in the diet. In fact, most table salt is iodized. That means it contains a small amount of potassium iodide. This is done to keep people healthy, since iodine is an important dietary mineral.
- Know the different group classes: native elements (Copper metal), oxides/hydroxides (Hematite, brucite), halides (halite), carbonates (calcite), sulfates (anhydrite), sulfides (pyrite aka "fool's gold")
- Know the general chemical formulas for the mineral groupings: native elements are just the elements such as Au, Ag, Cu, etc..., oxides (O) / hydroxides (OH), halides (Cl, Fl, I, Br), Carbonates (CO₃), Sulfates (SO₄), and sulfides (S)
Tuesday January 12
AGENDA;
- Have students pick a specific state to research. Find website for respective state's department of natural resources office. List the major minerals found in their state and their uses.
- Make a concept map with the words: gypsum, topaz, cubic, pyrite, triclinic, hexagonal, tetragonal, rystal systes, wulfenite, pyromophite, feldspar, orthorhombic, monoclinic
- brainpop: Mineral idendity + worksheet activity (in-class)
- and complete the activity worksheets (during class) - homework if not finished
- Calcite is CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate). Hydrochloric acid reacts with the carbonate and produces carbon dioxide in the form of fizzing bubbles.
Wednesday January 13
AGENDA:
- GEMSTONES
- Demo: Place a drop of cold, dilute HCl (hydrochloric acid) on a sample of calcite (CaCO₃) It produces carbon dioxide in the form of fizzling bubbles.
- Brainpop salt.+ worksheet activity
- Start reading section 4.3 (homework)
Thursday January 14
AGENDA:
- Brainpop: Natural Resources
- Alternatives: 1) Write about the environmental conditions in which gold is found. 2) make 3-d structures with clay and toothpicks 3) FOLDABLE CUT-OUT CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE UNIT PLANS
- Have students find the density of certain minerals and then look up here http://www.webmineral.com/help/Density.shtml#.VpNQH5MrJE4
- Petroleum (is / is not) a mineral because it is a (solid / liquid / gas)
- Minerals form from solution by being super _____ and from _____.
- Minerals form when magma _____ beneath or on earth's surface
- Oxygen and silicon make up all the _____.
- Under what condition(s), if any, could water be considered a mineral?
- Feldspar (silicates that contain aluminum) and _____ are the two most abundant minerals found in the earth's crusty
- Minerals form as a result of the _____ of salts from a supersaturated lake or sea. Minerals also form when magma cools beneath or on Earth's surface.
- Quartz can be found in a variety of colors. _(color)r_ jasper has trace elements of iron oxides, _(color)p_ amethyst contains ferric iron, _(color)_ citrine contains iron hydrates, and _____ quartz contains manganese or titanium
- _____ describes how a mineral feels to the touch.
- Pyrite, which is also known as fool's gold leaves a greenish-black streak while gold leaves a ____ streak.
- Some motor oil is dark gray. The color is caused by the mineral (graphite/toluene). It is added to the motor oil because its softness makes it a good lubricant for the moving parts in motors.
- A mineral that splits relatively easily and evenly along one or more flat planes is said to have _____. Minerals that break with rough and jagged edges are said to have _____.
- _____ is a particularly useful identification tool since it is not dependent on the size or shape of a mineral.
- Corundum is made up of a/an _____ crystal system
- gypsum is made up of a/an _____ crystal system
- albite is made up of a/an _____ crystal system
- halite is made up of a/an _____ crystal system
- wulfenite is made up of a/an _____ crystal system
- topaz is made up of a/an _____ crystal system.
- A mineral is a/an _____ if it contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.
- The mineral hematite is an _____ ore.
- The element _____ is found in the ore bauxite.
- Francisco Pizarro invaded this country in 1531 and had the gold artifacts melted down to ship them back to Spain. The cultures such as the Chimu, the Chavin, the Nazca and the Inca, were experienced miners and goldsmiths.
- Valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty
texture
yellow graphite saturation silicates aluminum hexagonal |
evaporation
cools cleavage fracture brown tetragonal |
ice
quartz precipitation specific gravity trigonal Hexagonal triclinic |
orthorhombic
cubit red purple orange isomeric monocyclic |
Friday January 15
AGENDA:
- Go over all the practice questions
- (Rosen's acrostic for harness: "The Giants Came From Anunnaki Feeling Quite Tall" CD)
Monday January 18
Martin Luthor King Holiday
Tuesday January 19
AGENDA:
- Section 1 practice quiz: What is a mineral?
- Finish all remaining assignments. Make sure you are done reading chapter 4. Try some chapter review questions and we will go over them on Thursday and have our first test this Friday.
- Quartz exhibits conchoidal fracture which is smooth, curved surfaces.
Thursday January 28
mercury
black smokers plutons color chips insulators recycling metallic 6.5 mohs nonmetallic |
5.5 mohs
radium open-pit dissolved limestone calcite conductors durablehalite color 4.5 mohs |
3.5 mohs
quartz lava uranium metamorphism pegmatites carat mine nonmetals |
corundum
2.5 mohs cubic crystal shapes metallic evaporates groundwater reclamation cleavage gemstones |
QUESTIONS:
- Some of the greatest untapped sources of minerals are hypothermal vents deep under the sea. They are called _____ because they spew out hot, mineral-rich water that is almost black. As the hot water mixes with the cool ocean water minerals crystallize on the ocean floor. Yet nobody has found a way to mine them yet.
- When a body of salt water dries up, minerals such as gypsum and halite are left behind. As salt water _____ minerals crystallize.
- When changes in pressure, temperature, or chemical makeup alter a rock, _____ takes place.
- Surface water and ground water carry _____ minerals into lakes and seas where they crystallize on the bottom Calcite and dolomite of this type of solid formation ? _______
- ____ works its way downward and is heated by magma. Out of this hot liquid minerals such as gold, copper, sulfur, pyrite, and galena from these hot-water solutions
- As magma moves upward it can form teardrop-shaped bodies called _____. Many gemstones such as topaz and tourmaline form in these.
- As magma rises upward sometimes it stops moving before it reaches the surface and cools slowly eventually solidifying to form a _____. Mica, feldspar, magnetite, and quartz are some of the minerals that form from magma.
- _____ minerals have shiny surfaces, do not let light pass through them, and are good _____ of heat and electricity. Gold, silver and copper are examples.
- Other minerals (not metallic) are _____. They let light pass through them and are good ____ of electricity. Some of these are called _____ and are highly valued for their beauty and rarity rather for their usefulness. ____ is the most important characteristic of one. They must also be _____( hard enough to be cut and polished) . The mass of a gemstone is expressed in a unit known as a _____ which is equal to 200 mg.
- _____ is a mineral deposit that can be mined for profit.
- The waste products of a _____ can introduce toxic concentrations of elements into rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
- Are gemstones metallic or nonmetallic or both?
- The two types of mining are _____ mining and ____ mining.
- Which of the following conditions is NOT important in the formation of minerals? (groundwater, evaporation, volcanic activity, wind)
- Surface mining usually requires some form of ____ mining. Subsurface mines feature shafts and passageways that are excavated to reach the ore.
- Two ways to reduce the effects of mining are the _____ of mined land and the _____ of mineral products
- Some uses of metallic minerals: (automobiles, aircraft, computers, etc...) Uses of nonmetallic minerals: (concrete, glass, computer _____)
- Radiation is a special property for two elements. Minerals that contain ____ or ____ can be detected by a geiger counter.
- gem cutters can cut along _____ surfaces to shape gemstones.
- Which mineral would be a liquid at room temperature?
- What mineral fizzes when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?
- What property do the minerals copper, galena, magnetite, and pyrite have in common?
- Sapphires and rubies are both forms of the mineral _____
- ____ is the second most abundant mineral in the earth's crust after feldspar.
- The salt that you shake on your food often contains the mineral _____
- When molten rock erupts on or near earth's surface, it is called ____
- If a mineral breaks and forms uneven surfaces it has _____
- Iron, chromium, and manganese are three chemicals that often affect the _____ of a mineral.
- _____ minerals usually produce a white streak. However, many _____ minerals are easy to identify because of their streak color.
- The hardness of fingernails is ____. Penny is ____. Iron nail is _____. Glass is _____. Steel file is _____
- Short video about mining gold- 2:45
- Deep sea diving for rare earth minerals - 2:21
- What minerals are mined in the United States
- pictures of 100 gemstones
- Wielczka saltmine in Poland - 6:02 (art gallery, cathedral, and underground lake)
- Fact sheet about gold - The chemical symbol for gold is _____. It has a very high _____ nearly twice that of lead. Its color is _____. Gold does not _____ at ordinary temperatures and therefore does not dull. It is very _____ and can be rolled into a gold leaf. It is a good conductor of electricity is used in _____. The world's largest gold nugget weighed 70 kg and was found in Australia.
- From 1848 to 1860, the population in California grew from 14,000 to 380,000 people! Make up a flyer that tells of a rich gold deposit found in a nearby area to draw people into California. How can you profit off all the people coming in to mine for gold?
- The following gems come in one color: emerald/green; ruby/red; amethyst/purple; aquamarine/sky blue; lapis lazuli/dark blue; peridot/lime green;
Friday January 22
AGENDA:
- Mohs Hardness Scale for Minerals (1=Talc, 2=Gypsum, 3= Calcite, 4= Fluorite, 5=Apatite, 6=Feldspar, 7=Quartz, 8=Topaz, 9=corundum, 10=Diamond) TGCFAFQT CD acrostic- "The Giants Came From Anunnaki Feeling Quite Tall" CD
- Acronym example would be: ROYGBIV for (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet - order from lowest to highest frequency)
- Acrostic example would be: King Phillip Comes Over For Great Sex (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
- This of a way to remember the Mohs Hardness scale
- Special properties: Calcite fizzes with HCl(aq); Fluorite can fluoresce; Graphite feels greasy; Kaolinite smells like clay; Magnetite is magnetic; Sulfur smells like a match or farts; Talc feels smooth
- Matching gemstones with Mineral: emerald/beryl; sapphire/ corundum; ruby/corundum; diamond/diamondC; Peridot/olivine; amethyst/quartz
Monday January 25
- Quiz 1 (Section 1)
- Quiz 1 (in Spanish)
- Quiz 2 (Section 2)
- Quiz 3 (Section 1)
- Quiz 4 (Section 2)
- Quiz 5 (Section 3)
- MInerals form through a process of ______ of hot and cool solutions (and magma) above and below earth's surface.
- Although shells and reefs have the same composition as minerals (usually _____), they are not minerals because of their _____ origin.
- Fingernal = _____ mohs. A quarter also has this same harness.
- penny = _____ mohs.
- iron nail = ______ mohs
- glass = 5.5 mohs, steel file = _____ mohs
- If a mineral breaks with smooth, ____ surfaces, it has cleavage
- ____ ore is one of the most abundant and widely used metallic mineral resources. It is smelted to release oxygen and breaks down compounds in the rock.
- Minerals are identified by their (physical/chemical) properties.
- Substances that make up rocks are called _____
- A/An _____ is a body of rock that contains a high concentration of a desired substance. Example would be aluminum and bauxite.
- How are minerals classifed? They are classified based on their _____ compositions.
- _____ cools quickly from a molten state. Its atoms don't have time to form an orderly structure. This is why it is not truly a mineral. Because it is amorphous, meaning non-crystalline.
- Halite (NaCl) is a _____ as is fluorite (CaF₂). Calcite (CaCO₃ ) is a _____ as is dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) . Quartz (SiO₂) is a_____ as is zircon (ZrSiO4). Galena (PbS) is a _____ as is pyrite (FeS₂). Magnetite Fe3O4 (Fe2+Fe3+2O4) is a _____ as is ice (H₂O in solid form). Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O is a _____ as is Barite BaSO4. Mineral group information here: http://www.mineralogy4kids.org/mineral-group
- The 3 ferromagnetic elements are _____, nickel, and cobalt.
- Sand is commonly composed of the mineral _____
- _____ is the main element in steel
- _____ is used in electrical wiring.
- Titanium, cobalt and ____ are used in paint.
- _____ used in concrete drywall.
- _____ used in batteries
- _____ used in lightbulbs
- _____ used in nails
- _____ used in stainless steel
- _____ used in plastics
- _____ used in glass
- _____ used in rubber
- _____ used in toothpaste
- (hematite/quartz) is an important source of iron ore.
- Minerals that break along planes of weakness exhibit _____.
gypsum
fluorite silica iron minerals crystallization 6.5 |
sulfur
copper halide lithium glass ore |
calcite (used twice)
tungsten iron (used more than once) 3.5 halide organic chemical |
cleavage
nickel mica quartz flat 2.5 4.5 |
Tuesday January 26
AGENDA:
- Take a look at the Jr. High Science page, they are studying the same thing. Slightly different but try to answer the fill-ins there as well.
Wednesday January 27
AGENDA:
- Go through the fill-ins
Thursday January 28
AGENDA:
- Online Mineral Identification lab - Project
Friday January 29
AGENDA:
- TEST MINERALS
- Start Reading Chapter 5: Igneous Rocks
- Chapter 5 - Section 1 - What are igneous rocks?
Chapter 5 - Section 2 - Classification of Igneous Rocks
- Turn in Jewel project Monday Feb 1 for 80% credit (late)
- Turn in your answers to section 5.1 questions and Jewel 60% credit Tuesday February 2
Monday February 1
Chapter 5: Igneous Rocks
lava
granite magnesium potassium quartz Igneous melting |
aluminum
oceanic (2x) crystallization rhyolite pressure metals continental |
sodium
silicon quartz biotite iron platinum fractional |
calcium
crust olivine silica (2x) oxygen pegmatite |
QUESITON:
- As the Earth's molten surface cooled and solidified, ______ rocks were the first type of rocks to form.
- Igneous rocks are the most abundant rocks in the earth's _____. They are formed from the _____ of magma.
- Magma that flows out of the earth's surface is called _____
- Layered intrusions are rare but important. They contain extremely rare and valuable minerals such as chromium, platinum, palladium, vanadium, rhodium, copper, nickel and gold. The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is estimated to contain about 86% of the world's platinum and 83% of the world's chromium. The Stillwater Complex in Montana is the only source of _____ in the united states.
- Coarse-grained rocks that cool beneath the earth's surface are called _____ igneous rocks. Fine-grained rocks forms from cooled lava and they are called _____ igneous rocks.
- The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth's _____ (eight of them). 1) _____ (O₂), 2) _____ (Si), 3) _____ (Al), 4) _____ (Fe), 5) _____(Mg), 6) _____ (Ca), 7) _____ (K), and 8) _____ (Na).
- _____ is an example of intrusive igneous rock and _____ is an example of extrusive igneous rock.
- In general ______ crust is rich in iron and magnesium and therefore melts at higher temperatures than _____ crust, which contains high levels of silicon and aluminum.
- Of all the compounds found in magma, _____ (SiO₂) is the most abundant and has the most effect on magma characteristics.
- There are 3 types of magma and this depends on the concentration of _____ it contains.
- Typically granite consists of 4 to 5 minerals. _____ (clear to gray), orthoclase feldspar is pinkish, _____ is black, plagioclase feldspar is usually white, and another black mineral is hornblende which is often present.
- Magmas are classified according to the amount of silica they contain. 70% silica is _____. 60% if andesitic, and 50% is basaltic.
- The main factors involved in the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, water content and mineral composition. Temperature and _____ increase with depth As pressure on rock increases, its _____ point also increases. As water content increases, the melting point decreases.
- Geothermal gradient is higher in _____ crust than in continental crust.
- What intrusive igneous rock is very-course grained? (All other intrusive rocks are coarse-grained)
- Magma is made up of different minerals that _____ at different temperatures.
- _____ crystallization is when magma cools and crystallizes in the reverse order of partial melting.
- As magma begins to solidify the ____ rich plagioclase feldspars and the elements found in the ____-magnesium minerals are removed first from the magma. _____ is the last mineral to crystallize, often forming in rock veins when the remaining magma is squeezed into rock fractures and cools.
- _____ is the first type of Fe-Mg mineral that forms from magma.
- In some magma bodies, the minerals form into distinct bands in the order shown in the Bowen reaction series. The result is a layered intrusion which can be a valuable source of rare _____.
- SUBSTITUTE TODAY (MR. ROSEN OUT SICK)
- Read Section 5.1 in book and answer section 5.1 questions (due end of Monday)
- Look at the 14 questions here that are fill in and have them answered (due end of Monday)
- If done with the assignments above then start working on one of the following Look up Nibiru / Nemesis and go to some different websites and make a summary of what is going on. This is a project so use bigger sheet of white paper and use drawings and symbols, make it look neat. Answer the following questions: 1) Name at least 3 websites that you looked at and copy the link 2) What is Nibiru? 3) Are there other names for Nibiru? 4) Is Nibiru real or imaginary 5) What did you know about Nibiru before today? 6) What do you know now that you didn't know before about Nibiru.... and continue to make your poster paper look good for presentation when I come back with visuals and more information that you can add to it.... (due end of tuesday)
- Visualizing fractional crystallization and crystal setting
- Check your knowledge (true/false)
- Self-Check quiz 5.1
Tuesday February 2
AGENDA:
- Mr. Rosen (me) absent. Continue working off of Monday's agenda.
Thursday February 4
AGENDA:
- Go over fill-ins for 5.1
- The Nibiru presentation will count as your project in today's lab. Answer all 5 questions and make your drawing appear neat. If it is not turned in by the end of the period there will be no computer usage until it gets turned in. I am letting you use your computers to help you with the project.
- Start reading section 5.2 in text
Friday February 5
AGENDA:
- Go over fill-ins for 5.2
- Igneous rocks are broadly classified as intrusive or extrusive. However they are further classified by their _____ composition.
- Igneous rocks are either felsic (intrusive example is _____ and pegmatite. Extrusive example is _____ and obsidian), intermediate (andesite, diorite), mafic (e.g. intrusive gabbro and extrusive basalt), and ultramafic rocks (intrusive peridotite and dunite). The highest _____ content are the felsic rocks followed by mafic and then ultramafic.
- Mafic rocks are _____-colored and rich in iron and _____
- _____ is glassy. Rhyolite is fine-grained. Granite is coarse-grained and _____ is very coarse-grained. Extrusive rocks are _____- grained.
- A _____ rock would have the highest melting temperature (out of felsic, mafic, and ultramafic).
- Biotitie and amphibole minerals are a _____ color. Pyroxene and Olivine are a _____ color. Orthoclase (a type of potassium feldspar) _____ feldspar is a _____ color. Plagioclase feldspar is a white to _____ color. _____ is a clear to white color.
- Rocks with both large and small crystals have a _____ texture
- Igneous rocks are especially useful as building material. Many of the minerals found in them are resistant to _____.
- _____ is among the most durable of igneous rocks. The structure of its mineral _____ has a high resistance to weathering.
- Mineral-rich fluid composed of silica and metals solidify to form metal-rich quartz _____. An example is gold bearing quartz. The Sierra Nevada were formed by large granitic intrusions that formed large numbers of gold-rich quartz veins.
- Valuable ore deposits and gems are often associated with igneous _____.
- Veins of extremely large-grained minerals are called _____. Some of the world's most beautiful minerals have been found in these.
- Diamond is a valuable mineral found in rare, ultramafic rocks known as _____. They are a variety of peridotite. They form under very high pressures so are likely to form deep in the crust.
- Most of the world's diamonds come from mines in _____
- Gold is not incorporated into the common igneous minerals. Therefore, it becomes concentrated in the leftover _____-rich fluids that form the quartz veins in and around igneous intrusions
- _____ scapels are well suited for plastic surgery because of their fine, sharp edge creates a sharpness that divides rather than tear flesh.
- As you go down the Bowen's reaction series the calcium-rich _____ change gradually to _____-rich feldspars. However, they remain feldspar.
- Minerals rich in iron and magnesium react with the magma and change into other _____.
- Felsic rock are (light/dark) colored, have (low/high) silica contents, and contain _____ and the feldspars orthoclase and plagioclase. An example of felsic extrusic is (granite/rhyolite) and the opposite for felsic intrusive. Mafic rock are (light/dark) and contain (higher/lower) silica content. Mafic intrusive would be (gabbro/basalt) while mafic extrusive would be the opposite.
- A crystal with magnesium rich core and iron rich outer layers is found. Which has a higher melting temperature, the magnesium rich layer or iron rich core? ANSWER: IRON BECAUSE THE CORE CRYSTALLIZES FIRST AT A HIGHER TEMPERATURE.
- Light colored rocks are _____ while dark colored are _____ (with the exception of _____ being felsic and dark colored)
- Volcanic _____ has no mineral grains.
- Percentage of _____ is the most commonly used chemical property to describe igneous rock.
- Gold is not incorporated into the common igneous minerals. Therefore it becomes concentrated in the leftover silica rich fluids that form the quartz _____ in and around igneous intrusions.
- Diamonds require very high _____ to form.
- Basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic are the three main types of _____. They are based on the _____ content.
- Bowen's reaction series describes the relationship between mineral _____ and cooling magma. The left branch contains minerals rich in iron and magnesium. The right branch contains the (feldspars/pegmatites).
- Both Olivine and calcium rich plagioclase feldspars are often found together in igneous rocks because they both crystallize (early/late) at high temperatures.
- Magma is usually a slushy mixture of crystals and molten rock because minerals melt and crystallize at different _____
- Plagioclase feldspar crystallizes over a much (wider/narrow) range of temperatures than biotite does therefore it will be found in a greater variety of rocks.
- _____ is a very light porous volcanic glass that is used in powder form for smoothing and polishing.
temperatures
glass intrusions weathering mineral(s) granite rhyolite quartz |
silica
dark veins pumice magnesium gold obsidian feldspars |
kimberlites
porphyritic pegmatite sodium pressure ultramafic black formation |
green
potassium pink magma obsidian Kimberly, South Africa gray |
Monday February 8
AGENDA:
Tuesday February 9
AGENDA:
- Go through links that we haven't done yet
Friday February 12
AGENDA:
- Go over fill-ins and practice tests.
Wednesday February 17
AGENDA:
- Click on all of the following and read and take notes (you will be quizzed tomorrow and you can use notes): Ancient Egypt then History of Giza then Who built the pyramids then how old are the pyramids then Hierglyphs: Say what? then hot science: scaling the pyramids
Thursday February 18
AGENDA:
- Continue with the Pyramid online reading if not done
- Study.com - play videos with my free trial (igneous & sedimentary rock)
- 8 biggest mysteries of pyramids you've never heard of (8 sided pyramidal insanity) - 12:42
- we finally know how the pyramids are made - 2:20
Friday February 19
AGENDA:
- Quiz on the Pyramid links
- Granodiorite stele
- Ancient Mysteries: The Rosetta Stone Documentary- 46:13
- The Great Pyramid of _____ (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.
- At completion, the Great Pyramid was surfaced by white "casing stones" – slant-faced, but flat-topped, blocks of highly polished white _____. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of _____ (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.
- The Giza pyramid _____, which includes among other structures the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, is surrounded by a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow.
- Five thousand years ago, the fourth dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom was a highly advanced civilization where the kings, known as _____, were believed to be gods
- The _____ is a river that provides a source of life for the entire nation and a good part of the African continent. The _____ desert covers approximately 95% of Egypt.
- It was during the reign of King _____ , about 3,000 b.c. when upper and lower Egypt became united. He was the first King of this new ruling dynasty. It was at this time that _____ writing made its first appearance, in the tombs and treasures of the pharaohs.
- The first pyramid was the _____ Pyramid at Saqqara, built for King Zoser in 2750 BC. This first application of large scale technology, however, is often attributed to _____, the architect of the Step Pyramid. He was not a pharaoh, but was the Director of Works of Upper and Lower Egypt.
- A pyramid is basically, most basically, two separate constructions: it's an outer shell of very fine polished limestone with great accuracy in its joints, but most of that's missing; and the other construction is the inner core, which filled in this shell. And that was made out of _____ material of which could be radiocarbon dated with improved methods.
- The interstices between the stones and in this mortar was embedded organic material, like _____ probably from the fire that they used to heat the gypsum in order to make the mortar.
charcoal
hieroglyphic limestone pharaohs |
Step
granite Nile |
Imhotep
Sahara Giza |
organic
Menes complex |
Monday February 22
AGENDA:
- Philosopher's Stone (1 of 5)
- Japanese- Dr. Mauro explains what is the philosopher's stone (anime)- 3:57
- Quizlet Igneous rocks
- Blood Diamonds
- Philosopher's stone had two special properties. On was turning base metals to ____. The other was _____.
- The action of changing or the state of being changed into another form is called _____.
- The people who practiced finding ways to transmute other minerals into gold among other things were called _____.
- The philospher's stone
transmutation
|
alchemists
|
immortality
|
gold
|
Tuesday February 23
AGENDA:
- Test on Friday (igneous rocks)
- Review first fill-in on February 1
- Know Table 5-2 rocks except andesite, and dunite
- Rhyolitic magma has high silicate (70%) content while Basaltic magma has (50%), you don't need to know the intermediate (andesitic) for the test.
- If I give any picture questions you will only be responsible for identifying the following rocks (as pictured on February 4 entry): black obsidian, green obsidian, pegmatite, rhyolite, gabbro, and dolerite.
- Further review Wednesday
Tuesday February 24
AGENDA:
- Review second fill-in (February 5)
- MISTAKE- ADD DIORITE TO "ROCKS TO KNOW" ON TABLE 5-2 (I took it off of Monday's "exception" list because the Rosetta stone is supposdely grano"diorite" stele!) .
- I found this while looking for an image to post of the Rosetta stone: Scientists have recently release info and stated “on record” that the object that we have recovered by Mr. White matches nothing on this planet that is in the periodic table of element** on this planet now or in 1985 when it was recovered.
Wednesday February 25
AGENDA:
- Why do diamonds sparkle?
- What would happen if you jumped in a hole that went through the middle of the earth?
- How long would it take to fall through the earth (answers to the previous link) - 4:28
- Blood diamonds- the true story - 44:46
- practice test igneous rock- Chapter 5 - Igneous Rock and (2nd chapter 5 test) Chapter 5 - Igneous Rock
- What makes the Sahara the largest desert in the world? (trick question because it isn't the largest)
- CK-12 Igneous rocks
- Naming igneous rocks
Monday February 29
AGENDA:
- Section assessment problems on page 127 due by end of class (Section 6.1) -
- Aggregates: The Building Blocks of Civilization (will be on test)
- How coal is formed (will be on test)
- Read the two links above and you may be quizzed on the most general information
Tuesday March 1
AGENDA:
QUESTIONS: SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCK: SECTION 6.1 - FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK
- _____ rock is the most common type of sedimentary rock and is composed of cemented particles.
- _____ are pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth's surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation.
- _____ is a set of physical and chemical processes that break rocks exposed at the surface into smaller pieces.
- MInerals that _____ early are more susceptible to chemical weathering that those that do later. Chemical weathering occurs when the minerals are dissolved.
- _____ loosens particles. _____ transports particles.
- Classification of clastic sediments: The largest particle size sediments is gravel which is conglamerate rock. Boulder, cobble and pebble are examples of gravel, from biggest to smallest. Finer than gravel is _____ which includes the sandstone rock. Finer than sand is silt which includes siltstone rock. The finest sediment is _____ which includes mudstone and _____
- Aboriginals (native Austrailians) have named Ayers from Uluru. They believe that there is an energy source emanating from the rock (a _____ monolith which rises 345 meters above the desert) and that the area around it is inhabited by ancestral beings. The rock changes color from blue to red, depending on the time of day and quality of light.
- The four main agents of erosion are wind, _____, gravity, and glaciers
- When sediments are laid down on the ground or sink to the bottoms of bodies of water _____ occurs.
- The chemical and physical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rock is called _____
- When water carries down sediment as in a river the sediment forms a _____ deposit with the (smallest/largest) grains at the bottom and the (largest/smallest) at the top. As the water slows down the (smallest/largest) settle out first.
- Deposition occurs as transport (slows/stops).
- _____ are not all bad. When it happens quiet water spreads horizontally from the riverbanks. These waters deposit a layer of fine silt, clay and organic material that improves the fertility of the soil.
- This Greek word means stone.
- Grain to grain contacts in _____ form a supporting framework that helps maintain open spaces between the grains. Groundwater, _____, and natural gas are commonly found in these spaces in sedimentary rock
- Temperature in earth's crust increases with depth by about 30 ℃ each km. Sediments that are buried 3 to 4 km deep experience high enough temperatures to start the process of _____, forming grains into solid rock.
- The two common types of cementation are _____ and precipitation
- A best known feature of sedimentary rocks are _____ which are the preserved remains, _____, or any other evidence of once living organisms. During lithification parts of the organism can be replaced by _____ and turned into rock.
- Burial must occur before _____ to obtain a fossil.
- Sediment deposited by water or wind is usually well sorted, sediment deposited by ice or _____ is not sorted.
- Sediments are classified by _____
- The sequence by which a sedimentary rock is formed is from weathering and _____ then transport then _____ then burial then increased pressure and temperature, compaction, and then finally _____
minerals
deposition clay size sediments cementation decomposition |
impressions
landslides sandstone erosion. layered temperature |
cementation
oil lithos lithification shale clastic |
water
weathering floods crystallization fossils sand |
Wednesday March 2
AGENDA
- go over fill-ins of 6.1
- Brainpop: Types of rocks
- TYPES OF ROCK BRAINPOP ACTIVITY- WORKSHEET (COUNTS AS PROJECT)
- The classification of sedimentary rocks is based on (size/form/composition/location).
- This is the most common type of sedimentary rock which is formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments found on earth's surface.? Clastic The other two are _____ and _____ sedimentary rock.
- Coarse-grained clastic rock examples are _____ or _____ and they are both composed of gravel. Medium-grained clastic rock is called _____ which is made of sand and relatively high in percentage of open spaces between grains on a rock which is called _____. This feature makes these layers valuable as underground reservoirs of oil, natural gas and _____Fine-grained clastic rock is called _____ which is made of clay. Their method of formation (conglomerate, breccia, sandstone & shale) is the _____ of clastic sediments.
- During transportation, _____ rocks become rounded while breccias become _____. This suggests that they did not have time to become rounded and thus only traveled a short distance.
- What type of stone has ripple marks and cross-bedding? It has relatively high porosity that allows fluid to move easily.
- _____ is the measure of how well liquids flow through a rock
- When the concentration of dissolved minerals in a body of water reaches _____, crystal grains precipitate out of solution and settle to the bottom. The layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that form as a result are called _____
- this property of water increases with increasing concentration.
- The three most common evaporite minerals are _____ (NaCl), _____ (CaCO₃), and _____ (CaSO₄).
- The most abundant organic sedimentary rock is _____, which is composed primarily of _____. .Dead organisms die and their shells settle to the bottom. During burial and lithification, calcium carbonate precipitates out of the water, crystallizes between the grains of carbonate sediment, and forms the limestone rock.
- This organic sedimentary rock forms from the remains of plant material.
- The characteristic textures and features of ______ rocks provides geological "surface conditions" of earth's past.
- Many of the natural resources used by humans come from sedimentary rocks. For example, _____ is often mined from sandstone. Large deposits of _____, which is used for fertilizer, and _____, which is used to make steel, are also found in sedimentary rocks.
- _____ is processed to make cement for the construction industry.
- Sedimentary rocks are reservoirs for oil, gas, and _____
- Cement is made from _____.
- Limestone and sandstone blocks are used as _____ materials.
calcite
halite shale angular iron clastic sandstone |
groundwater
conglomerate calcite saturation organic coal breccia |
construction
uranium gypsum lithification chemical evaporites porosity |
limestone
conglomerate density ground water phosphate mud |
Friday March 4
AGENDA:
- Quizlet Sedimentary rocks
- Man jumps from edge of space live- 12:01 (recommended by student- interesting world's record for highest jump
- Handout Reading Essentials (Sedimentary & Metamorphic rock review)
Monday March 7
AGENDA:
- Go over answers to Brainpop: Type of Rock activity
- Q-Carbon, harder than diamond!
- Are we from the Sagittarius galaxy? The "marriage" of our birth galaxy (yes, Sagittarius with our new adopted (Milky Way) galaxy is causing energy shifts that are obvious just about everywhere. Click on link to read about some changes being watched by scientists: We of the overarching Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy have finally come down next to, and even with the massively powerful spiral armed equatorial plane of the Milky Way Galaxy.
- Evolution of the Oil Industry | Documentary on the History of American Oil and Petroleum Industry- 30 min
- How does an oil refinery work? How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products?- 3:21
- What are the products and uses of petroleum?
- _____ is a broad category that includes both crude oil and petroleum products
- Since 1859, when Edwin _____ constructed the first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, underground and underwater reserves have been the main source of crude oil. Until 1970, the United States produced enough crude oil to meet all its energy needs, according to the "Journal of Energy Security." Since then, it has needed to import oil.
- _____ and _____ were the first two products that were in great demand that were produced in the oil industry. _____, at first, was actually discarded.
- These are used for finding underground oil as well as measuring earthquakes?
- _____ is by far the most important energy source used across the globe. It is used for heating, for electricity generation, transport, and synthetic rubber. It is also the benchmark by which other energy sources are measured.
- Through the _____ of crude oil, there can produce a lot of beneficial resources such as gasoline, kerosine, soaps, fertilizers, and plastics.
- Railroads, shipping, and hundreds of thousands of miles of _____ carry petroleum to the oil refineries.
- At the refineries crude oil is first _____ to separate it into different factions (from heaviest to lightest), then it is _____, and then_____ are put in to finally make the finished product which is stored
- In petroleum geology and chemistry the term _____ means the breakdown of a large hydrocarbon (crude oil) into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. Because of this twice as much oil can be produced than through distillation alone.
- _____ gas is pumped to the Earth's surface and transmitted through pipelines to storage facilities, and ultimately to businesses and homes.
- Gasoline is more flammable than the heavier _____ fuel which gets more miles to the gallon but does not start well in cold weather.
- There are three major forms of fossil fuels: _____, _____ and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds of millions of years ago before the time of the dinosaurs – hence the name _____ fuels. The age they were formed is called the _____ Period
- Coal has many important uses worldwide. The most significant uses are in _____ generation, _____ production, _____ manufacturing and as a liquid fuel.
- _____ is a fine-grained powder used to make concrete.
cracking
Drake cement electricity lubricants pipes |
steel
natural heated Petroleum seismographs |
coal
diesel purified oil (used more than once) gasoline |
Carboniferous
refinement kerosene cement additives |
Tuesday March 8
AGENDA:
- We will have our Sedimentary/Metaphorphic rock test this Friday
- Brainpop: Desert
- Handout: Desert vocabulary- will receive 100% if turned in complete by end of day. If not you will not be marked down. So it is extra credit.
- Section 6.2 & 6.3 questions due Friday
- Also if you haven't turned in the Rocks review sheet that will be due by Friday as well
Wednesday March 9
- Is gasoline densest in the morning?
- EARTH SCIENCE LAB: CALIUM CHLORIDE AND LEAD NITRATE- EVAPORATION AND PRECIPITATION.
- WORKSHEET handed out and due by test. Next Friday
Friday March 11
AGENDA:
- QUESTIONS: SECTION 6.3 METAMORPHIC ROCKS
- What two things increase with depth?
- The eroded roots of mountain ranges will show evidence of (high/medium/low)-grade metamorphism because these regions were buried at great depth.
- When molten rock, such as those in igneous intrusions, come in contact with solid rock, a local effect called _____ metamorphism occurs.
- Contact metamorphism from _____ igneous rocks is limited to thin zones.
- When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralogy _____ metamorphism occurs. They are active around _____ intrusions and active volcanoes, They dissolve some minerals, break down others, and deposit new minerals. This is the cause of the _____ color of the cliffs that they have helped to erode.
- Yellowstone National Park's name comes from the hydrothermally changed rocks of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, _____.
- Contact metamorphism closest to igneous intrusions form rings of (harder/softer) rock?
- In extreme cases hydrothermal metamorphism breaks rocks down to a pure clay mineral known as kaolinite. Some of the uses of this "clay" mineral are seen in _____ and fine _____.
- Metamorphic rocks are classified based on _____. Wavy layers and bands characterize _____ metamorphic rocks. They form flat or needlelike crystals with their long axes perpendicular to the pressure. The two most common types of foliated metamorphic rock are schist, which is derived from _____, and gneiss, which is derived from _____.
- Here is a good analogy: Mineral grains in _____ rock make a pattern like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The mineral grains in a (foliated/nonfoliated) rock are more like a pile of playing cards scattered on a table.
- Examples of two nonfoliated rock are _____ (a hard, light-colored rock formed by the metamorphism of sandstone), and _____ (formed from the metamorphism of _____ and used by sculptors. ).
- Porphyroblasts have large crystals like those found in porphyritic igneous rock. ______ is a mineral that commonly forms porphyroblasts.
- During metamorphosis the changed minerals are stable at the new temperature and pressure conditions. Minerals that change in this way are said to undergo _____ alterations,
- Hot fluids migrate in and out of the rock during _____
- Chemical charges are especially common during contact metamorphism near ingneous _____. Valuable _____ deposits of gold, copper, _____, tungsten, and _____ are formed in this manner.
- The 3 types of rocks are classified based according how they are _____. Igneous rocks _____ from magma. sedimentary rocks form from _____ cements. And metamorphic rocks change from changes in pressure and _____.
- Heat and pressure may change a(n) _____ rock . A metamorphic rock may be eroded into _____ rock or _____ rock by melting.
- The three main types of metamorphism is ______ metamorphism where there is high pressure and temperature in the earth's crust _____ metamorphism is caused from the heat of nearby intrusions. And _____ metamorphism is when are reactions with very hot water
- (Schist/quartzite) is foliated with long and thin minerals made of mica and hornbelende while (Schist/quartzite)has blocky crystals made of _____.
- A metamorphic material, _____, is used as a hardener, when ground up , during the manufacture of crayons.
- In the 1960s and 70s it was found that inhaling asbestos fibers leads to lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma, each of which can be fatal. In the 80s it was banned (the use of asbestos) in the United States and Europe
- Crayons are basically a mixture of pigments, hardeners, and _____.
wax
extrusions crystallize formed Ifoliated granite contact Wyoming shale |
metamorphism
marble extrusive nonfoliated regional hydrothermal contact granite |
of garnet
porcelain hydrothermal texture pressure quartz cemented yellow |
talc
quartzite shale temperature intrusions ceramics undergo metamorphic |
Monday March 14
AGENDA:
- 10 ROCK MINERAL IDENTIFICATION W/SCRATCH PLATE, HCL, MAGNIFIER, MOHS SCALE, NAIL, COPPER PENNY- practice for Wednesday lab
- Handout- Sedimentary and Metamorphic rock workbook with 35 multiple choice answers. Will be graded on how many right.
- Handout and everything else including lab worksheets supposedly due today are extended until this Friday when we have our test.
Tuesday March 15
AGENDA:
Wednesday March 16
AGENDA:
- YOU CAN USE TODAY TO FINISH UP THE LAB WORKSHEET YOU STARTED ON WEDNESDAY
- ROCK COLLECTION: 10 ROCKS WITH SCRATCH PLATE, MOHS LIST
- Student Rock Pack, 40 Samples (see below) See if you can give labels to all of them.
- Mineral Identifying key
Friday March 18
AGENDA:
- SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCK TEST
- HAPPY SPRING BREAK - SEE YOU IN A WEEK AND A DAY!
Tuesday March 29
AGENDA: CHAPTER 11: ATMOSPHERE
QUESTIONS
- Read section 11.1 and do the section questions
- Atmospheric layers link
- The exosphere is the highest layer of the atmosphere. Together with the ionosphere, it makes up the thermosphere. The exosphere extends to 10,000 km above the Earth's surface. This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. The atmosphere here merges into space in the extremely thin air. Air atoms and molecules are constantly escaping to space from the exosphere. In this region of the atmosphere, hydrogen and helium are the prime components and are only present at extremely low densities. This is the area where many satellites orbit the Earth.
QUESTIONS
- About 78% of the atmosphere is composed of _____and and 21% is composed of _____, with the remaining consisting of 0.93% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide, and trace gases. The percentages of the two main components are critical to life on earth.
- The amount of _____ in the atmosphere at any given time or place changes constantly and can be as much as 4% of the atmosphere or as little as zero.
- The level of both _____ and water vapor are critical because they play an important role in regulating the amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs
- When water changes from one state to another _____ is either absorbed or released, and this affects the weather & climate.
- These are the two tiny particles that play a role in cloud formation.
- This absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
- The layer closest to the Earth's surface is called the _____. It's upper limit or ______ is anywhere from 9km to 16km.
- The 2nd layer above the Earth's surface is called the _____ and its temperature gradually (increases/decreases) as you go up. Its upper limit is about 50km.
- The 3rd layer above the Earth's surface is called the _____ and the temperature (increases/decreases) as you go up.
- The 4th layer up is called the _____ and the air increases as you go up.
- This is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere (not exosphere although I wouldn't call that a wrong answer)?
- This layer is made up primarily of ozone?
- In what layer do weather and pollution take place?
- The _____ and the exosphere together make up the thermosphere.
- So there are _____ layers of the atmosphere, _____ of them make up the lower atmosphere and _____ of them make up the upper atmosphere. (answers are all in numbers)
- The boundary between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field is called the ______.
two
exosphere troposphere carbon dioxide heat |
three
thermosphere nitrogen salt tropopause |
magnetosphere
ionosphere mesosphere oxygen dust |
five
stratosphere ozone magnetopause water vapor |
Wednesday March 30
AGENDA: METEOROLOGY (28 VIDEOS)
- HANDOUT (ATMOSPHERE): Reviewing Vocabulary, Understanding main ideas, and thinking critically (4 pages)
- Applying scientific methods: Hot water, clean glass jar, and tray of ice cubes
- Atmospheric layers link
- Earth's magnetosphere
- Why earth's magnetic shield matters- 4:12
- solar wind and how it affects the earth- 2:11
- The atmosphere and the oceans interact to produce weather patterns, _____, and ocean currents. The ocean often affects weather and vice versa. Generally, the weather along _____ areas is cooler than that of areas farther inland.
- Tsunamis are large, destructive ocean waves generated by _____ in ocean basins or by underwater landslides.
- True or false: Tsunami is another name for "tidal wave"
- Tidal waves are calm bulges of water generated by the gravitational attraction of the _____ and the moon. The bulges of water are called _____. Tidal waves and tsunamis both travel through the ocean as shallow-water waves. Tidal waves have wavelengths that are thousands of kilometers long while tsunamis have wavelengths that are hundreds of kilometers long.
- CONTENT BACKGROUND FOR CHAPTER 11.1: ATMOSPHERE
- Earth's original atmosphere was probably composed mainly of ammonia and _____.
- _____ is the amount of water vapor in air. _____ is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air to how much water vapor that volume of air can hold.
- In the first billion years after Earth formed, its surface was much more _____ active than it is today
- Erupting volcanoes emitted gases such as water vapor, chlorine, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen. Over millions of years the planet cooled, the water vapor condensed and absorbed carbon dioxide. Storm clouds formed and rain began to fall filling low basins in the earth's surface and ultimately formed the planet's first _____.
- Oxygen was probably formed from the dissociation of water molecules and by _____ of primitive cyanobacteria
- The transfer of energy by _____distributes energy until equilibrium is reached, but only in theory. On earth, however, equilibrium is never attained. The _____ always receive more radiant energy than the rest of the Earth. Therefore, energy transfer is always occurring in the atmosphere.
- CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1
- This is the change of state from gas to liquid?
- This is the change of state from liquid to gas?
- This is energy transfer by the collision of molecules?
- This is the energy transfer by the flow of a heated substance, such as water or air.
- Two things in the troposphere generally decrease with height, what are they?
- Name the other layer(s )of the atmosphere that also generally are like #6 when it comes to temperature?
- The height in the atmosphere at which condensation occurs is the _____ .
- A temperature inversion is a(n) (increase/decrease) in temperature with height in the atmosphere.
- Evidence suggests that compounds called chlorofluorocarbons aka _____ were used in hair sprays, spray paints, and refrigerants, have damaged the ozone layer above _____
- Ultraviolet light breaks down CFCs into their components, one of which is _____ which breaks down ozone molecules. It is estimated that just one chlorine atom can destroy as many as 100,000 ozone molecules.
- The increased thinning of the ozone layer will result in the increase of _____ radiation. This would most likely cause damage to the _____ and eyes. Cataracts, blindness, and skin cancer can become consequences of this.
- The energy of the sun is transferred to the earth in 3 ways. _____ is the transfer of energy through space by visible ligh
- The _____ begins at around 500km in height above earth
- In the _____ the molecules that make up air are so sparse and widely spaced that, despite the high temperature, this layer would not seem warm to a human passing through it.
- The _____ is the outermost layer of earth's atmosphere. Above this lies _____
- The higher the temperature of a substance, the shorter the _____ it emits.
- The energy radiated by the earth's surface does not pass back through the atmosphere and into space but instead it warms the _____.
- The process of _____ takes place when molecules collide and release energy. Thee particles of air near earth's surface will transfer the energy to the water. For this process to occur substances must be in _____ with one another.
- This is the transfer of energy by the flow of a heated substance?
- Of the three main processes of energy transfer throughout the atmosphere, which do you think has the most affect? Well since _____ does not directly heat the atmosphere, and _____ only affects the lowest layers. There the answer would be convection currents which function to transport heat up through the troposphere.
convection
coastal wavelength skin relative humidity stratosphere volcanically temperature magnetosphere |
oceans
climates tropics lifted condensation level troposphere humidity earthquakes conduction |
Sun
tides earthquakes mesosphere chlorine evaporation convection CFCs |
methane
ammonia pressure condensation thermosphere Antarctica photosynthesis outer space |
Friday April 1, 2016
April Fools Day
AGENDA:
- CLASS FIELD TRIP SCHEDULED FOR NEXT NEXT WEDNESDAY APRIL 13, 2016 TO THE NATIONAL HISTORY MUSEUM
- Next Wednesday will be our "Model Elections" where we will be expected to present earth science information that is relevant to the upcoming elections. Things brainstormed were: More permanent and lasting structure of current homes and buildings especially those near the San Andreas fault line. The ancient pyramids were built in a way that lasted through earthquakes. Stone is a more lasting material than steel in that it doesn't have the tension that steel does. The Great Pyramid is actually 8 sided and not 4 and also has a bottom compartment underground with the same geometry as the top. We could also talk about safer coastal areas, other things that would stabilize / help during earthquakes, EMF protection, concerns about the ozone layer and magnetosphere (solar shifting) and solar flares.
- Continue to read on in chapter 11
Monday April 4, 2016
AGENDA:
Tuesday April 5, 2016
AGENDA:
- Work on your election day presentation tomorrow: Recycling should be on the ballot
Wednesday April 6
AGENDA:
- Read Section 11.2: State of the Atmosphere
- _____ is the transfer of energy. _____ is used to measure and interpret that energy.
- _____ is the temperature to which air must be cooled at constant temperature to reach saturation. _____ is the point at which the air holds as much water vapor as it possibly can.
- _____ occurs when matters changes state from a gas to a liquid.
- Relating the different temperature scales: When it is absolute zero temperature the _____ scale is 0. When water freezes the ____ scale is zero degrees and the _____ scale is 32 degrees. The boiling point of water is at 373 degrees K, 212 degrees F, and _____ degrees ℃
- Atmospheric _____ decreases with height because there are fewer and fewer gas particles exerting theirs.
- Air rises when its temperature increases because it becomes less _____
- Temperature is proportional to the ratio of pressure to density, which decreases with increasing _____.
- Why does smoke rise from a chimney? Chimneys vent excess heat. That heat warms the air inside the chimney, which causes the _____ of the heated air to increase. Because the air is then less dense than the air around it, it rises.
- A _____ is an increase in temperature with height in an atmospheric layer.
- In its simplest form _____ can be thought of as air moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
- Ships at sea usually measure wind in _____ and one of them is equal to 1.85 km/h.
- _____ air, being more dense, sinks and forces warm, less-dense air upward.
- Farther up from Earth's surface, air encounters less _____, and wind speeds increase.
- Wind encounters more friction over sand _____ than it does over water.
- Air is heated indirectly by energy emitted by Earth's _____.
- Humidity is the measurement of the amount of _____ in the air.
- Warm air is capable of holding more _____ , or water vapor, than cool air.
- _____ is the ratio of the water vapor in a volume of air relative to how much water vapor that volume of air is capable of holding.
- A larger volume of warm water such as what a bathtub could contain, would be able to melt more ice than a much smaller volume of water at higher temperature would melt due to more total _____
- If you wated to decrease the relative humidity of a room, you would _____ its temperature
temperature inversion
heat Kelvin wind surface knot |
moisture
cool water vapor altitude Fahrenheit dew point |
friction
energy volume density temperature Celcius |
increase
dense condensation dunes pressure relative humidity |
Friday April 8
AGENDA:
- Gave out field trip notices to get signed by parents for next wednesday
- Test on Chapter 11 (Atmosphere) will be next friday
- Went over a practice test
- Section 11.2 & 11.3 questions due by next Friday (test day)
Monday April 11
- AGENDA:
- Review packet handed out
- All section problems and the review packet will be due on day of test which is this Friday
- Certain types of _____ are associated with certain types of weather. They form when warm, moist air rises, expands, and cools in a _____ current.
- The tendency to rise or sink as a result of differences in density is called _____.
- _____ are small particles in the atmosphere around which cloud droplets can form. They come from a variety of sources, including sea salt and _____. When millions of these droplets collect, a cloud forms.
- The method of cloud formation when wind encounters a mountain is called ______.
- Once the rising air is _____, the water vapor in the air condenses into water droplets which coalesce, and born a cloud.
- Warm, less-_____ air rises, while cool air sinks. This tendency to rise and sink as a result of differences in _____ is called buoyancy.
- A cloud is formed when a million or so of these droplets form?
- How rapidly any given mass of air cools determines its _____. This is the ability of an air mass to resist rising.
- As water vapor in the air condenses, _____ is released.
- Latent heat is the heat that is stored in _____ and released only when condensation occurs (liquid is formed).
- The amount of water vapor in the air is a significant source of energy because of the _____ it contains.
- Latent heat can provide _____ to a weather system, thereby increasing its intensity.
- To keep a hot-air balloon aloft, a pilot must periodically supply more _____ to the balloon because the air inside the balloon interacts with the air outside the balloon and cools through _____, the same way that rising air is cooled. The atmospheric equivalent of the pilot firing a burner is the release of latent heat when condensation occurs.
- It is common for air to rise well above the point where it should have cooled to the temperature of the surrounding air. Why? Answer: Because of the release of latent heat and its _____.
- Clouds form at different _____, and with different _____. Clouds that form in contact with Earth's surface is called _____.
- English naturalist _____ is credited with providing the framework for the cloud classification system used today. However it was _____ who produced the first published classification of clouds book a year before in 1802.
- Lowest clouds (0 to 2000 meters) have the prefix _____, middle clouds (2000 to 6000m) have the prefix _____, and highest clouds (6000m+) have the prefix _____.
- Puffy, lumpy-looking clouds are known by the prefix _____, featureless sheets of clouds are known by the prefix, wispy, stringy clouds have the prefix _____, and low, gray rain clouds have the prefix _____.
- The prefixes dependent on altitude all end with _____ while the prefixes dependent on shape all end with _____.
- _____ clouds often form when fog lifts away from Earth's surface.
- The _____ cloud is an atmospheric giant, capable of producing torrential rains and strong winds characteristic of thunderstorms.
- High clouds are made up of _____.
- Cloud formation: Small water droplets _____ to form large drops. These drops may eventually become too large to be held aloft by rising air and fall to the ground as _____.
- Virga is a type of precipitation that falls but doesn't reach the ground. It is most often observed in the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Southwestern deserts of the United States. . In these places, layers of very _____ air are plentiful.
- _____ clouds are the ones that spread throughout all altitudes and are not layered.
- Rain, snow, _____, and hail are the four types of precipitation.
- Cloud _____ (with microscopic particles that act as condensation nuclei) cause a developing or ongoing storm to produce more rain .
- Can cloud seeding make rain or just enhance the rain?
- The constant movement of water between the atmosphere and the earth's surface is called the _____
- What is the percent of salt water in all the earth's water and where is it found?
- The water cycle starts with ____ from lakes, streams, and oceans, to condensation into clouds, and ends with precipitation into the ______ or directly into the same places where the ground leads, where the water cycle starts all over again.
- Water moves from Earth to the _____ and back to earth in the water cycle.
- A _____ cloud extends vertically through the atmosphere, through all 3 layers.
- _____ form only when the entire formation process takes place at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
seeding
precipitation ice crystals alto atmosphere heights 3% heat clouds stratus convection |
-o
strato water vapor water cycle cirrus shapes 2% dry condensation nuclei orographic lifting |
cumulus
conduction stability -us buoyancy fog 97% evaporation vertical development nimbus |
cumulonimbus
cirro sleet 1% coalesce momentum latent heat snowflakes dust dense |
Wednesday April 13
AGENDA:
- Field Trip to Natural History Museum
- We will postpone the test until Monday since we didn't have a chance to fully cover section three of this chapter and so we will do that along with an overall review this Friday.
- We will go over all fill-ins and section practice quizzes
- http://www.neok12.com
- Practice tests here: Chapter 11 - Section 1 - Atmospheric Basics
Chapter 11 - Section 2 - Properties of the Atmosphere
Chapter 11 - Section 3 - Clouds and Precipitation - Look outside the window (or go outside) and report what kind of clouds they see.
- Also what else can you say about the weather
- Describes high clouds with bases above 6000 meters
- Describes middle clouds with bases between 200 meters to 6000 meters
- Refers to low clouds below 2000 meters
- Describes wispy, stringy clouds
- Describes puffy, lumpy-looking clouds
- Describes featureless sheets of clouds
- Describes low, gray rain clouds
Cirro
Strato |
Cirrus
Stratus |
Alto
Nimbus |
Cumulus
|
Monday April 18
AGENDA:
- All week will be reviewing for test:
- TUESDAY OUT TO GEM HILL: FRIDAY SCHOOL HOLIDAY
- Practicing the cloud types
- Cloud matching game
- Cloud tests
Monday April 25
AGENDA:
QUESTIONS:
- TEST ON ATMOSPHERE
- START CHAPTER 12 "METEOROLOGY"
QUESTIONS:
- The study of meteorology is basically a study of Earth's _____ balance. One way is through the development and movement of _____.
- These are types of atmospheric phenomena formed when moisture in the air refracts and reflects sunight?
- This word is Greek for "high in the air"
- The current state of the atmosphere?
- Long term variations in weather for a particular area make up the _____ of that area.
- The continual motion of _____ and _____ reallocates heat energy among Earth's surface, oceans, and atmosphere and brings it into balance.
- The sun's rays strike Earth more directly at the _____ than they do at the _____.
- Air masses take on the _____ and ____ of the regions that they cover.
- Another important characteristic of an air mass is its _____, an important factor in its ability to produce clouds and precipitation.
- warm and dry air masses occur in _____ (cT) regions. Warm and humid (wet) air masses occur in _____ (mT) regions. Cold and dry in _____ (cP), cold and humid (wet) in _____ (mP), and _____ (A).
- The exchange of heat or moisture with the surface over which an air mass travels?
- Through _____ the air near the surface takes on the characteristics of the surface below it.
- Being more _____ than the air above it, an arctic air mass cannot rise, and thus it is more stable.
- Ice and snow _____ a great deal of solar radiation while dark, moist soil _____ solar energy very efficiently.
dense
arctic tropics climate continental tropical meteor |
reflect
stability maritime tropical heat weather poles |
air masses
air absorbs air mass modification continental polar temperature |
water
humidity maritime polar rainbows conduction |
Tuesday April 26
AGENDA:
- GO OVER FILL-INS AND NEOK12.COM
- QUIZ SECTION 12.1
- OPENED ROCKS FROM NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM THAT I PURCHASED
- READ SECTION 12.2 "WEATHER SYSTEMS" AND ANSWER FOCUS QUESTIONS
- The Coriolis effect is caused by Earth's _____. Air is deflected to the _____ in both hemispheres.
- The heat imbalance on earth (cold air at poles and warmer air at equator) combined with the _____ create the _(number)_____ major global wind systems (in each hemisphere) that help to balance it.
- Northeast and Southeast _____ winds occur at 30 degrees north and south latitude where it _____ and moves in a westerly direction and rises again at the _____ moving back to latitude 30 degrees. This zone is sometimes known as the _____
- The sinking air around 30 degrees latitude caused high pressure and weak surface winds which the Spanish sailors called the _____ latitudes because of their ships becoming stranded and having to throw their horses overboard.
- The ITCZ (_____) migrates north and south of the equator as the seasons change. It is a region of rising air and characterized by cloudiness and occasional showers. It is also an area of light winds where ships were often stranded and is also called the _____
- The _____ (wind system) flow between 30 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres in a circulation pattern _____ to that of the trade winds. Surface winds move towards the _____ in an easterly direction. Note that the wind is named for the direction from which it blows.
- The _____ lie between 60º and the poles. They are conditioned by _____ air.
- The _____ are responsible for much of the movement of weather across the United States and Canada.
- Differences in _____ and _____ cause wind.
- Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude, westerly winds are called _____ and they travel at speeds up to 115- 200 mph. The most significant one separates the polar easterlies from the prevailing westerlies and is called the _____ jet stream located anywhere from 40º to 60º north latitude. The _____ jet stream is located where the trade winds meet prevailing westerlies anywhere from 20-30º north latitude.
- Jet streams have significant effects on the aviation industry. The fast speeds of jet streams can provide very favorable _____ or very unfavorable _____, resulting in the savings of (former) or increased (later) fuel costs.
- The Intertropical Convergence Zone aka _____ migrates south and north of the equator responding gradually to the _____'s position. It serves as the "_____ equator," where the two hemispheric wind systems meet and converge. This large mass of rising air contributes to cloudy conditions and periodic _____. It can also grow into tropical _____.
- A wind in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia that brings heavy rains in the summer and dry winds in the winter?
- A _____ is the narrow region separating two air masses of different densities caused by differences in temperature, pressure, and _____. They can stretch out for _____ of miles.
- This is another word for "tropical storm": A system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation
- There are four main types of fronts: _____ fronts, _____ fronts, _____ fronts, and _____ fronts.
- Clouds, showers, and sometimes thunderstors are associated with _____ fronts.
- Cloudiness and precipitation characterizes a _____ front. It is represented by this color line and shape?
- A _____ front seldom have extensive cloud and heavy precipitation patterns. It is represented on a weather map by a combination of short cold and warm front symbols.
- _____ is common on both sides of an occluded front. It is represented with alternating purple triangles and semicircles that point toward the direction of motion.
- Most weather occurs in the _____ between the Earth's surface and 11 km altitude.
- Rising air is associated with (high/low) pressure and sinking air is associated with (high/low) pressure. Rising or sinking air combined with the coriolis effect results in the formation of rotating air with either high or low pressure centers. A high pressure center moves _____ in the northern hemisphere and a low pressure center moves _____. It is opposite in the southern hemisphere
- High pressure systems are usually associated with fair weather while low pressure systems are associated with _____ and precipitation.
- A _____ cyclone is a low pressure system that starts off as a _____ front.
- Clashes between different air masses i the Central Plains of the United States cause _____.
semi circles
triangles occluded 'front meteorologic temperature doldrums coriolis effect trade subtropical |
clockwise
counter clockwise stationary' tailwinds prevailing westerlies thunderstorms opposite humidity west Hadley cell |
wave
clouds warm three headwinds thousdands doldrums pressure Intertropical Convergence Zone cyclone(s) |
tornadoes
red blue cold polar poles rotation horse sun monsoon |
Tuesday April 26
AGENDA:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiYyCurh_SU (Low pressure systems) 3:24
- Major pressure belts of the earth and wind- 8:30
- Air masses and fronts- 14:55
- Difference between hurricane, cyclone, and typhoon- 1:35
Monday May 2
AGENDA:
- You should be done reading and doing the section assessments for sections 12.1 & 12.2 if not use this time to do so.
- Read and answer section assessments for 12.3
- Chapter 12 - Section 1 - The Causes of Weather
Chapter 12 - Section 2 - Weather Systems
Chapter 12 - Section 3 - Gathering Weather Data
- What is the instrument that measures air pressure?
- What is the instrument that measures wind speed? temperature? relative humidity?
- What measures the height of cloud layers and estimates the amount of sky covered by clouds?
- The National Weather Service in the US has established a surface observation network across the country made of about 1700 sites, gathering data at regular intervals usually a minimum of once an _____.
- The instrument of choice for gathering upper level data is a balloon borne package of sensors called a _____
- The term "radar" stands for "radio detecting and _____"
- Meteorologists use _____ radar to plot the speed at which raindrops move toward or away from a radar station. It brings us the ability to measure _____ speed.
- When atmospheric particles moving both toward and away from the radar show up on the radar immediately next to each other, they indicate the presence of the tight wind circulation characteristic of a _____
- Radar tracks _____ while satellites track _____.
- Some satellites use _____ imagery which are useful in detecting strong _____ that extend to great heights and consequently show up as very cold areas
tornado
anemometer ceilometer |
precipitation
hour thermometer |
clouds
barometer ranging |
hygrometer
radiosonde |
Tuesday May 3
AGENDA:
- Read and answer section assessments for 12.4
- Be able to do the fill-ins for yesterday
- Research the history of weather satellites and the different types used today. (Include the different types of satellites and the different types of imagery used by them)
Wednesday May 4
AGENDA:
- INTERPRETING A WEATHER MAP LABORATORY
- Practiced the fill-ins
- Brainpop: Drought
- A _____ IS A RECORD OF WEATHER DATA FOR A PARTICULAR SITE AT A PARTICULAR TIME.
- To plot data nationwide or globally, meteorologists use _____, lines that connect points of equal or constant values.
- Lines of equal pressure are called _____. Lines of equal temperatures are called _____.
- Isobars that are close together indicate a high pressure which indicate strong _____.
- A forecast such as one that relies on numerical data is known as a _____
- An _____ involves comparing current weather patterns to patterns that took place in the past.
- Weather forecasting accuracy declines with _____.
- Digital forecasting is highly dependent upon the _____ of the data
- Strong winds called _____ are associated with severe thunderstorms and have caused planes to crash on the runway.
- Lowered _____ is another weather-related danger that aircraft face as they attempt to land or take off.
- The Coriolis effect combines with _____ imbalance to form the _____ winds, the prevailing _____, and the _____ easterlies.
- Weather in the _____ latitudes is strongly influenced by fast moving high-altitude jet streams.
heat
density isobars isotherms |
visibility
isopleths trade analog forecast |
microbursts
digital forecast station model westerlies |
middle
polar time winds |
How to work a barometer
how winds behave Interpreting a weather map |
Radiosondes in upper atmosphere
short term forecasts long term forecasts |
Friday May 5
AGENDA: CHAPTER 13 "THE NATURE OF STORMS"
- SECTION 13.1
- Did you know that lightning causes thunder? Yes reaching 30,000 ℃ temperature causes the air around the lightning to expand (heat up) and contract (cool) rapidly. (Explained here more thoroughly)
- Thunderstorms are most numerous in the _____. It is the thunderstorm capital of the world.
- It is the rapid _____ of air that generates sound waves heard as thunder.
- The state of _____ experiences the most thunderclouds annually.
- _____ currents can cause a cumulus cloud to grow into a _____ cloud. These clouds produce thunderstorms. There must be an abundant source of _____ in the lower levels of the atmosphere for this to happen and as it condenses it releases _____.
- The rate of _____ diminishes with height. At a certain point it is insufficient enough to not generate enough latent to keep it rising. This is at approximately 18,000 m.
- Typical thunderstorms last only about _____ minutes . Individual storms are only about 24m in _____.
- If air rises because of unequal heating of Earth's surface within one air mass, the thunderstorm is called an _____. There are two types of these. _____ thunderstorms occur as a result of orographic lifting and _____ thunderstorms are caused by extreme temperature differences between the air over the land and the air over water.
- Air will continue to rise only if it is _____ than the surrounding air. This is why the release of _____ and an abundant supply of _____ are so crucial to rising air. A thunderstorm usually has 3 stages: the _____ stage, the _____ stage, and the _____ stage.
- In this stage nearly equal amounts of updrafts and downdrafts exist side by side in the cumulonimbus cloud?
- The production of _____ is ultimately the thunderstorm's undoing.
- The cumulus stage creates _____, which transport moisture to the upper reaches of the cloud, condensing into visible cloud droplets and releasing latent heat. As droplets coalesce, they form larger and larger droplets which eventually fall as precipitation.
- A _____ thunderstorm is more likely to occur at night.
- 3 conditions that need to be present for a thunderstorm to form is an abundant source of _____, a mechanism to _____ the air, and an _____ environment
- The slope of a cold front is much steeper than that of a warm front so the air is forced _____ much more quickly which creates stronger convection cells.
- In the tropics the _____ is higher than in other areas with clouds commonly reaching 15,000 m. Above this, air no longer cools with height and the air becomes stable and resists further upward motion
lift
thirty diameter United States latent heat |
mountain
expansion condensation sea breeze unstable |
updrafft
frontal air-mass thunderstorm Florida warmer moisture |
cumulus
convection cumulunimbus mature dissipation upwards |
Monday May 9
AGENDA:
Tuesday May 10
AGENDA:
Wednesday May 11
- AGENDA:
- Brainpop: 15 brainpops about the weather
- Brainpop: Climates- Tropical (near the equator) (rainforests, savahnnas), Dry (deserts), Temperate (Meditteranean), Continental (interior of continents), Polar climates: places near water are more mild (the Gulf Streams brings warm water to western Europe). Urban heat island effect is the phenomenon where urban areas tend to be significantly warmer than nearby rural areas.
- Brainpop: Thunderstoms _- storm clouds happen when warm/humid air rises and cools. Sheet lightning happens within clouds. Sound travels one kilometer every 3 seconds so divide the amount of time between when you see lightning and the sound of it thunder and you will discover how many kilometers away the lightning and thunder are (they both originated together at the same time). The Empire State Building is designed as a giant lightning rod for the surrounding area. Heat lightning is lightning that strikes too far away for you to hear the thunder.
- Brainpop: Natural Disasters= Hurricanes form over the ocean, tornados are the most damaging, floods, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis occur when earthquakes occur underwater or from underwater volcanoes, wildfires can be caused by volcanoes but are often because of humans, blizzard= winter storms, FEMA is part of the department of Homeland Security
- Brainpop: Tornadoes- usually occur during thunderstorms called supercells, descends from a thundercloud, rated on the Fujita scale from weak F0 to strong F5, winds go anywhere from 100 to 500 mdph (highest recorded wind speed in Moore, OKlahoma, 5/3/1999 512 kph aka 318 mph), most don't last longer than 10 minutes, the areas in the midwestern and southern united states are very prone to tornadoes, a watersprout is a tornado that forms over water. There are tornadoes on Mars aka dust devils and they are 10 times larger than most tornadoes on Earth!
- Thunderstorms may develop into self-sustaining, extremely powerful storms called _____. Lightning is electricity caused by the rapid rush of air in a _____ cloud. Friction between the updrafts and downdrafts in the cloud separate the electrons from some of their atoms either in the cloud or near the ground. This creates regions of oppositely opposing charges and a return stroke with positively charged atoms surges from the ground to the cloud (at the same time as negatively charged air called a step leader moves down) with 1000 million volts of electricity and this is a lightning!
- During a thunderstorm do not take shelter under shorter and _____ trees. To go inside a hard topped _____with the windows rolled up is the best thing to do. Get out of boats and away from _____. Unplug unneeded electronics.
- Violent downdrafts that are concentrated in a local area are called _____.
- To form hail there must be two conditions. First, that water droplets exist in the liquid state in the parts of a cumulonimbus cloud where the temperature is actually below freezing. When these _____ water droplets encounter ice pellets, they freeze and cause the ice pellets to grow larger. The second characteristic is an abundance of strong updrafts and downdrafts existing side by side within a cloud.
- _____ are the main cause of thunderstorm-related deaths in the United States each year. They occur when _____ in the upper atmosphere that cause weather systems to move are weak. This causes storms to move slowly and it may then dump its rain over a limited location rather than spreading it over a large area.
- Associated with thunderstorms, _____ are violent, whirling columns of air in contact with the ground. Before it reaches the ground it is called a _____. The extreme _____ gradient between the inner and outer portions produces the violent winds associated with them.
- _____ is a sudden change in wind direction or speed that can occur either vertically or horizontally and is the start of a tornado which incorporates it into its strong updrafts. If a funnel cloud reaches the _____ it is then a tornado
- Tornadoes are classified by their size and _____, according to the _____ whose scale ranges from an F0 (minimum) to F5 (maximum) where winds can get over 500 km/h. Most tornadoes form in the _(season)____ during the late afternoon and early evening in the Central part of the United States where cold continental polar air collides with maritime tropical air moving northward from the Gulf of mexico in a region called "_____" which extends from northern Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri
- F0 and f1 scale are called _____ tornadoes and are eighty percent of all tornadoes. F2 & F3 are called _____ tornadoes of which comprise nineteen percent of all tornadoes. F4 & F5 comprise only _____ percent out of all the tornadoes but they cause the most death and property damage and they can last over an hour. These tornadoes can easily be detected by weather radar, and warnings can usually be issued in time for people to take protective actions.
- Tornado warning: If you are at home the ____ is the safest place to be. If there is none in your house then the (lowest/highest) floor. Stay away from _____. Get out of _____ and don't try to outdistance them in ones. Mobile homes should be abandoned.
- Microbursts and macrobursts are both _____. The macroburst takes place over a larger area than the microburst.
- A _____ front is associated with flooding.
- Mechanisms that _____ the surrounding air cause more severe thunderstorms
- _____ moves faster than sound, so a greater interval between the flash and the thunder would mean that the distance to the thunderstorm was (increasing/decreasing).
- In the United States most thunderstorms occur in _____, yet the central states experience the strongest _____
windows
Tornado Alley intensity cumunolimbus floods water automobiles |
weak
strong violent funnel cloud supercell downbursts Fujita tornado intensity scale |
light
automobile tornadoes basement wind currents ground downbursts |
destabilize
lowest isolated wind shear Florida supercooled Spring |
Thursday May 12
theAGENDA:
QUESTIONS SECTION 13.3 "TROPICAL STORMS"
QUESTIONS SECTION 13.3 "TROPICAL STORMS"
- Thy sunny tropics are the birthing grounds of large, rotating, low-pressure storms called tropical _____. The strongest of these cyclones are known in the United States and other parts of the Atlantic as _____.
- Coriolis effect causes moving air to turn _____in the northern hemisphere. It starts to rotate faster and faster as it approaches the center of a growing storms and more energy is released through _____. In the process, air pressure in the center continues to (increase/decrease) while surface wind speeds (increase/decrease).
- Tropical cyclones require two conditions: 1) an abundant supply of very warm _____ and some sort of disturbance to ____ it and keep it rising. These conditions exist in all tropical oceans except the _____ Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific ocean west of the ______ as ocean waters in these areas are somewhat cooler. They do occur in the western Pacific ocean where they are known as _____. To people living near the Indian Ocean they are known as _____. To those near the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and along the western coast of Mexico they are known as _____
- All these severe tropical storms occur most often in the late summer or early fall, when the earth's oceans contain their greatest amount of stored ____ energy,
- _____, a tropical cyclone, increases wind shear across _____
- A mature tropical cyclone has an _____, which is the calm- and at times, nearly clear- circular center of the storm.
- Some tropical cyclones have altered the course of history, usually by interfering with naval fleets. In September 1281 the _____Typhoon saved Japan after destroying 90% of Mongolian Kublai Khan's 2,200 fleet invasion. yclone with silver iodide was inconclusive.
- Project _____, an experiment involving seeding a tropical cyclone with silver iodide. Results were nonconclusive.
- Since a tropical cyclone is subject to the Coriolis effect it will always try to move to the _____ of the direction in which it is traveling. This is why a storm moving westward across the tropical waters of the northern hemisphere eventually turns _____.
- A traveling tropical _____ that causes air to rise in a developing tropical cyclone is the first stage of a tropical cyclone. Only a small percentage of these ever make it to "hurricane" stage. But when a disturbance acquires a cyclonic circulation around a center of low pressure, it has reached the next developmental stage, which is known as a tropical _____. And, finally, when the winds reach over 65 km/h, the system is then called a tropical _____. And, finally, if the winds around the center reach at least 120 km/h, the storm is officially classified as a _____.
- Once "hurricane" stage is reached, the calm center of it is called the _____. The strongest winds usually concentrated in a band immediately surrounding it is called the _____.
- The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane scale classifies hurricanes according to _____, air pressure in center, and potential for property damage. It ranges from category 1 hurricanes with minimum wind speeds of 74 mph, to the monstrous category 5 storms which can have wind speeds in excess of 155 mph.
- A hurricane will last usually until it reaches land and no longer has access to the warm ocean surface from which it drew its _____ or when it moves over _____ water.
- A major hurricane threat is a storm _____ when hurricane forced winds drive a mound of ocean water toward coastal areas,
energy
depression American coast cyclones ocean water hurricanes |
colder
ioScyclones lift storm counter-clockwise right |
northward
condensation hurricane Southern Stormfury |
eye
disturbancehurricanes typhoons Hakata Bay eyewall |
Friday May 13
AGENDA:
- Handout: Weather packet from different text
- Reminder: Each set of chapter 13 section focus questions that you turn in will be considered extra credit and used to give you some credit for your past assignments that have been failed to be completed and turned in.
- Brainpop: Hurricanes - Biggest catastrophe from hurricane on 8/9/05 was Hurricane Katrina. 2 years afterwards New Orleans only had half of its 1/2 million population. Since 1953 storms are named in alphabetical order and then since the 70s it takes turn from female to male to female names, etc...
- One of the most extreme droughts that occurred during the 1930s in the Central United States was given the name the _____
- An unpleasant side effect of droughts come in the form of _____ which are extended periods of above-normal temperature.
- It is the _____ air of a high pressure system that causes droughts and heat waves since it prevents _____ and blocks cooler air masses from coming in underneath.
- If air is _____, the rate of evaporation is reduced and this diminishes the body's ability to regulate internal temperature.
- Floods and droughts affect _____ prices.
heat waves
humid |
The Dust Bowl
|
sinking
food |
condensation
|
Monday May 16
AGENDA:
- The "Delta Works" of the Netherlands_ - from brainpop: floods
- Venice- the "canal" city- from brainpop: floods
- Battle of Hakata Bay- 4:03
- Mongol invation of Japan- 12:02
- The Spanish Armada - 42:28
- 10 deadly natural disasters caught on video - 6:25
- Ask History: Ben Franklin and his kite- 2:35
- Youtube- Hakata Bay, Japan and Kublai Khan's invasion from Mongolia
- Brainpop: Tsunami- meaning "harbor" "wave" move a lot of water and a lot of energy so they can travel for a long distance. usually due top seismic activity. you need an earthquake with more than 7.5 to trigger a normal tsunami, because of plates meeting in the subductive zones, 80% of tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. Sensors anchored to buoys beneath the surface of the ocean can monitor the pressure of the water above, alerting scientists to any spikes in seismic activity strong enough to trigger waves. The Pacific Tsunami Warning system based in Honolulu, Hawaii analyzes earthquakes throughout the entire Pacific Ocean. Tsunami walls up to 4.5 meters high are built in some countries like Japan to protect heavily populated coastal regions but the really strong tsunamis surge higher than those walls. The 9.1 magnitude 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake aka "Asian Tsunami" is considered one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. It took fifteen minutes for the tsunami to reach the nearest coastline. The 2011 Tsunami in Japan Most scientists reported that the 33-foot tsunami wave made it 6 miles inland, with washed up shrapnel and water reaching 10 miles or more inland.
- Brainpops: Climate change, humidity, climate types
Wednesday May 18
AGENDA:
- Brainpop: Humidity- dewpoint is temperature where relative humidity is 100%. A dehumidifier draws air from the room it is in into it, where a set of coils inside it become freezing cold. Now the air has traveled to the low temperature it has created causes water to condense on the freezing cold coils. The heat index (also known as the humidex in Canada) is a measurement that combines the temperature and relative humidity to determine what the temperature truly feels like as the temperature alone is not absolute.
- Brainpop: Climate change
- Tropical (near equator): rainforest, savannahs
- Dry/Arid: deserts
- Mild/Temperate: along the Mediterranean sea (southern america, australia)
- Continental: (Sub Arctic subclass)
- Polar
- Places near oceans tend to be more mild than other places. The Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean makes Western Europe climate much more milder.
- Urban heat island effect: Urban areas tend to be significantly warmer than nearby rural areas. It can cause temperatures to be 2 to 6 ℃ higher than the surrounding countryside.
- The Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period- 10:00 minutes- The sun is no doubt the main reason for the earth's periodic change between cooling and warming. Radiations from the sun contribute to the climate patterns found on earth. The sun's cycle is the driver of Earth's cycle. Warmer earth leads to increased carbon dioxide levels and NOT the other way around.
Thursday May 19
AGENDA:
- Went over practice quizzes 12.1 and 12.2
- Fronts: cold, warm, stationary, occluded_
- cold front: abrudt weather changes such as thunderstorms. adiabatic process (without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings)
- warm fronts are associated with longer term weather while cold fronts are of shorter duration
- stationary front can remain in one place over a long period of time
- occluded front,
- cold front: abrudt weather changes such as thunderstorms. adiabatic process (without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings)
Friday May 20
AGENDA:
- Conversion: ℃ = (℉ - 32) / 1.8
- Conversion: ℉ = (℃ x 1.8) + 32
- Therefore the difference of 1 degree is greater in Celcius than the difference of 1 degree in Fahrenheit
- What is the difference between the Centigrade and Celcius temperature scale?
- Anticyclone caught on tape-_ 2 minutes
- Weather fronts - 3 minutes (4 types of air masses shown below)
- Maritime polar (Oregon, Washington) cold a
- Continental polar (New England) cold and dry
- Maritime tropical (Florida) warm and wet
- Continental tropical (Los Angeles) warm and dtry
- Arctic air masses are bitterly _____. Tropical air masses are _____.
- Continental air masses are ____. Maritime air masses are _____.
- Showers and thunderstorms often occur along _____ fronts.
- A _____ front brings warmer temperatures, causes wind to shift directions, and if it brings precipitation it does so for several hours to even days.
- Cloudy skies and light rain are associated with ____ fronts.
- Cold fronts move faster than _____ fronts .
- _____ fronts usually bring precipitation
- Thunderstorms also known as _____ storms, have warm temperatures, moisture and rising air supplied by a _____- pressure system.
- A violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground is called a _____. When thunderstorms create a funnel cloud that reaches the ground it also becomes one.
- An intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km/h is a _____ and they are the most destructive storms on earth. They do not form over land and are more than 150,000 times larger than a tornado. At the center of it is clear skies and light winds which is called the ____. In Asia this is called a _____. In Austrailia it is called a tropical _____.
- A _____ is a violent winter storm characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow. Visibility is reduced to a few meters or less. Windchill can cause _____ and hypothermia.
- _____ measure relative humidity
- Monitoring _____ energy provides information about cloud height and atmospheric temperature.
- Winds are strong when _____ are close together and weaker when father apart. They are lines that connect all places on a map where _____ has the same value.
- _____ are lines that connect places with the same temperature. _____ are represented as lines with symbols on them.
- Interestingly, _____ have a maximum size they can reach which is 5 mm
fronts
blizzard tornado wet infrared stationary |
raindrops
dry occluded eye isotherms frostbite |
isobars
psychrometers hurricane warm low |
typhoon
cyclone cold pressure electric |
Monday May 23
AGENDA:
- Go over fill-ins
- Go over practice tests
- hygrometer measures humidity
- psychrometer measures relative humidity
- ceilometers determine the height of a cloud base
- Chapter 12 - Section 1 - The Causes of Weather
Chapter 12 - Section 2 - Weather Systems
Chapter 12 - Section 3 - Gathering Weather Data
Chapter 12 - Section 4 - Weather Analysis and Prediction
Chapter 13 - Section 1 - Thunderstorms
Chapter 13 - Section 2 - Severe Thunderstorms
Chapter 13 - Section 3 - Tropical Storms
Chapter 13 - Section 4 - Recurrent Weather
Chapter 14 - Section 1 - Defining Climate
Chapter 14 - Section 2 - Climate Classification
Chapter 14 - Section 3 - Climatic Changes
Chapter 14 - Section 4 - Impact of Human Activities
- To determine _____, data is gathered and averaged on a periodic basis for a period of at least 30 years.
- Most meteorological data are gathered where?
- The Koeppen classification system is based upon the average monthly values of both _____ and _____ and has 6 divisions.
- The Koeppen climates are: Tropical (maritime) which have high temperatures and are wet. They include savannahs and rain forests. Polar have low temperatures and include tundra. ____ climates make up the largest climatic zones and include deserts and steppes. They all have low precipitation. Mild climates include Mediterranean, and have warm summers and cool winters. Continental climates includes subarctic, and a greater difference between their summers and winters.
- The temperature in cities is notably higher than its surroundings. The presence of ay concrete buildings and large expanses of asphalt can create these so-called _____.
- A study of Earth's history over hundreds of thousands of years shows that climates always have been changing. Ice ages (where average temperature globally decrease by 5%) alternate with warm periods called _____ intervals of which we are currently experiencing.
- Short term climatic changes are caused by _____, a warm ocean current that occassionally develops off the western coast of south america
- A period of very low sunspot activity is called a _____ and these are associated with colder climates. Increased solar activity is associate with warmer climate changes.
- The dust and gases released by _____ block incoming solar radiation and affects global climates by cooling it for years.
- Solar radiation reaches earth's surface and is reradiated as _____- wavelength radiation which cannot escape through the atmosphere. This process is called the _____.
- Human contribution to global warming involves the burning of _____ and _____, the mass removal of
Maunder minimum
airports dry fossil fuels |
normals
interglacial intervals greenhouse effect |
volcanic eruptions
temperature heat islands |
long
precipitation El Nino |
Tuesday May 24
AGENDA:
- What is the difference between the terms rain and showers? Answer: Rain means usually that an entire area is affected and can last a while. This happens with stratus clouds. Showers, on the other hand, are scattered patches of rain that may last only a few minutes, so an entire area is not affected at the same time. This happens with cumulus clouds, even cumulonimbus clouds which often produce showers.
- Thunderclouds are very gray and dark because of all the water vapor inside of it
- Jet streams are found in the atmosphere 6 miles up and have speeds up to 250 mph
- 500 billion million pounds of air pressing down on us right now.
Wednesday May 25
AGENDA:
- FINAL- METEOROLOGY & CLIMATE NON-COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM ON KAHOOT (25 QUESTIONS, 30 SECONDS EACH)